Precision medicine has captured the imagination of the medical community with visions of therapies precisely targeted to the specific individual’s genetic, biological, social, and environmental profile. However, in practice it has become synonymous with genomic medicine. As such its successes have been limited, with poor predictive or clinical value for the majority of people. It adds little to lifestyle medicine, other than in establishing why a healthy lifestyle is effective in combatting chronic disease. The challenge of lifestyle medicine remains getting people to actually adopt, sustain, and naturalize a healthy lifestyle, and this will require an approach that treats the patient as a person with individual needs and providing them with suitable types of support. The future of lifestyle medicine is holistic and person-centered rather than technological.
in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and regorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Results: Across the three JCAs, there seems to be consistent focus on survival and health-related quality of life outcomes, and an increasing body of evidence has been included over time, to enable indirect treatment comparisons. JCAs have, at the very least, included comparators as deemed relevant by HAS, G-BA/IQWIG and NICE. There is heterogeneity in the use of safety endpoints as well as in the use of indirect treatment comparisons and patient engagement considered by the JCA and those used for decision-making by national HTAs. Conclusions: The adoption of JCA, especially when operationalized through the European Commission (EC) regulation could potentially lead to a more agile system which can allow EU member states to re-allocate resources for HTA. This is however, dependent on the development of clear guidance on what constitutes appropriate quality of evidence and the creation of a framework outlining an optimal process that would deliver robust evidence while maximizing efficiency in HTA across the EU.
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