Distinctive features of the operation of an internal-combustion engine burning ethanol-containing fuels have been studied. It has been shown that the enrichment of gasoline with ethanol tends to diminish the concentrations of CO and NO in combustion products, with the engine's fuel efficiency being inevitably degraded due to the lower volumetric heat of combustion of the blend. The experimentally confirmed technique of blocking the growth in the concentration of NO in the combustion products of hydrogen-containing fuels by enrichment of the blend with ethanol has been proposed; the optimum parameters of the three-fuel composition have been established.Utilization of oxygenated fuels is the real possibility of extending the energy base of engines within the framework of the current technological availability. At the same time, these fuels enable one to somewhat reduce environmental contamination by combustion products. Low-molecular-weight alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and others) and esters -methyl tertiary butyl, methyl tertiary amyl, ethyl tertiary butyl, diisopropyl, and other esther -are utilized as oxygenated fuels. They can be used for heat engines of various types (gasoline, diesel, gas-turbine, and rocket) in pure form and blended with a hydrocarbon fuel alike as demonstrated by numerous publications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].Alcohols significantly differ from traditional fuels in thermophysical properties. The surface tension and viscosity of alcohols, which exert an influence on the conditions of formation of a blend and on the quality of atomization, are lower than those of a diesel fuel and are close to the values for gasoline. The volumetric and gravimetric energy capacity of alcohols is approximately 45-60% lower compared to hydrocarbon fuels. At the same time, the calorific powers of fuel-air mixtures differ little, being 2.623 and 2.615 MJ ⁄ kg respectively for methanol and ethanol compared to 2.677 MJ ⁄ kg for gasoline. Furthermore, aliphatic alcohols are distinguished by the low content of carbon and the high content of oxygen, which is particularly characteristic of methanol. This is responsible for the lower heat of combustion of a unit mass of the fuel and simultaneously for its complete combustion with a lower air consumption: 6.52 and 9 for methanol and ethanol respectively, which is approximately half as high as for hydrocarbon fuels. The higher-than-average content of oxygen in an alcohol prevents the occurrence of conditions for cracking and contributes to a significant reduction in the content of soot and solids in combustion products.Despite the possibility of utilizing methanol and ethanol in forced ignition engines and compression ignition engines alike, ethanol is more suitable as a motor fuel, which is due to its higher heat of combustion (which is 35% higher than in methanol), better solubility in gasoline, lower corrosion aggression to metals and commercial-rubber products, much lower toxicity, and higher antidetonation properties.In this work, we have performed a cycle ...
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