The clips successfully modified the breech region of lambs, although the changes were less than with mulesing. The clips did not reduce the body weight of lambs, compared with the unclipped, unmulesed control lambs, and improved 90-day cumulative percentage survival compared with mulesed lambs.

No abstract

A significant omission from the work of Raiffa and Schlaifer (1961) relating to a multivariate normal distribution is consideration of the case when the dispersion matrix is completely unknown. This paper partially fills the gap by applying the methods of Raiffa and Schlaifer to the particular problems of estimating the mean IL, the dispersion matrix :E, and the generalized variance I:E I, when either or both of IL and :E are unknown.

No abstract

Polypropylene clips applied to the breech and tail of lambs increased breech bare area and reduced dag, urine and wrinkle scores. Improvements in these measures of factors that predispose to blowfly strike suggest that the application of clips may reduce the risk of breech flystrike.