The dose dependence of the oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) has been examined through multiple measurements of the response of Chinese hamster V79-171 cells to low and high doses of radiation under aerobic and hypoxic conditions. In this series of experiments the cells were maintained at 37 degrees C throughout the gassing and irradiation periods, to simulate normal physiological conditions. Flow cytometry and cell sorting techniques were used to facilitate accurate measurement of cell survival throughout the dose range, but particularly at low dose. The OER was found to decrease significantly at low dose, qualitatively confirming earlier reports from this laboratory, though the decrease was somewhat smaller in the present series. This difference may be a temperature effect since in the earlier experiments irradiation was at 0 degree C. This report shows that the OER decreases from a value of 2.87 +/- 0.16 (standard deviation of mean) at S = 0.01 to 2.36 +/- 0.19 at S = 0.80. Both alpha and beta are altered by the presence of oxygen. The OER is presented as a function of dose in nitrogen.
Flow cytometry and cell sorting techniques have been used together with repeated measurement in an attempt to define better the radiation survival response of asynchronously dividing Chinese hamster V79-171 cells under aerobic and hypoxic conditions. Although the first two decades of cell inactivation have been examined, particular attention has been given to the low-dose range of a few grays, as used in individual radiation therapy treatments. A single linear-quadratic dose-response function was consistently unable to fit both the low-dose and high-dose data satisfactorily, suggesting a two-component response. Separate fitting of the low-dose and high-dose portions of the response yielded alpha and beta values which differed significantly (P = 0.001 to 0.002). The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the observed substructure simply reflects the presence of subpopulations of sensitive (G1-, G2-phase) and resistant (late S-phase) cells, which are resolved in these measurements. These results may have significance for certain situations in radiation therapy and in biophysical modeling of the radiation response.
The neuromuscular system responds to perturbation and increasing locomotor task difficulty by altering the stability of neuromuscular output signals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two different military load carriage systems on the dynamic stability of gait and muscle activation signals. 14 army office cadets (20 ± 1 years) performed 4-minute treadmill walking trials on level (0%) and uphill (10%) gradients while unloaded, and with 11 kg backpack and 11 kg webbing loads while the activity of 6 leg and trunk muscles and the motion of the centre of mass (COM) were recorded. Loaded and uphill walking decreased stability and increased magnitude of muscle activations compared to loaded and level gradient walking. Backpack loads increased the medio-lateral stability of COM and uphill walking decreased stability of vertical COM motion and increased stride time variability. However, there was no difference between the two load carriage systems for any variable. The reduced stability of muscle activations in loaded and uphill conditions indicates an impaired ability of the neuromuscular control systems to accommodate perturbations in these conditions which may have implications on the operational performance of military personnel. However, improved medio-lateral stability in backpack conditions may indicate that participants were able to compensate for the loads used in this study, despite the decreased vertical stability and increased stride time variability evident in uphill walking. This study did not find differences between load carriage systems however, specific load carriage system effects may be elicited by greater load carriage masses.
Radiosensitization by misonidazole of hypoxic mammalian cells in dilute suspension is modified by the presence of the stable free radical, TAN. The dose modifying factor (DMF) of 15mM misonidazole is 2x4 for cell inactivation, and 3x5 for the production of single-strand breaks in DNA. The presence of TAN decreases these values to 1x5 and 1x75 respectively. Possible explanations for these observations are discussed. The DMF of misonidazole for cells in pellet is not affected by TAN.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.