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ABSTRACT. Helminth parasites were identified in a natural population of primates at Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka. Five fatally wounded or recently deceased toque macaques (Macaca sinica) and three langurs (Presbytis senex and P.. entellus) were autopsied. The following nematodes were found: OeSophagostomum aculeatum (Chabertiidae), Streptopharagus pigmentata (Spirocercidae), Physaloptera sp. (Spiruridae), Enterobius vermicularis (Oxyuridae), and Trichuris trichiura (Trichuridae). One cestode, Hymenolepis was also recovered from P. entellus. Among fresh faecal samples of 210 M. sinica, worm eggs of Oesophagostomum and Strongyloides were most abundant, followed by Trichostrongylus. Trichuris and Streptopharagus eggs were found occasionally.