A review is presented to summarize data on intestinal preparation approaches and methods for research. The historical background and main stages in the development of the intestinal lavage method are highlighted, and traditional and modern methods of evaluating its effectiveness are characterized. Dietary recommendations and information about the basic drugs used nowadays in preparation of the intestine for instrumental research are adduced. Clinical aspects of different types of osmotic action of drugs are considered. The composition of laxatives for salt and electrolyte components in terms of potential benefit and risk in patients is analyzed. The main positions of the current recommendations of domestic, European and American expert communities concerning the discussed topic are taken into account. Demonstrated “no less efficacy” of sulfate solution compared with macrogol in adult patients. Clinical case is presented: patient A., 22 years old, admitted to the clinic with complaints of recurrent pain in the left abdomen, frequent stools, sometimes with blood, loss of hair, flaky spots on the skin of the upper extremities. The patient was prepared for the examination – colon cleansing with a sulfate drug, endoscopic examination of the colon - colonoscopy was performed. Diagnosis: nonspecific ulcerative colitis. The treatment scheme is presented, clinical remission of the disease is achieved.
Autoimmune thyroiditis is an organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by the activation of self-reactive CD4+ T cells. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a population of T cells that play a central role in immunological tolerance by suppressing selfreactive cells. CD4+ Tregs are divided into thymic (tTreg) and peripheral (pTreg). tTregs perform their functions through cytokine-independent mechanisms, pTregs – through IL-10, TGF-β and IL-35. Tregs perform a protective function against AIT. Studies of Treg level in AIT show different results, in most cases Treg level is increased, and their function is impaired. Treg function in AIT is affected by many factors, such as the level of thyroglobulin, vitamin D etc. Apart from the Treg level itself, the Th17/Treg ratio is also crucial in AIT. Activation of Tregs and modification of the Th17/Treg ratio can be used in AIT treatment.
In recent years, pediatricians and epidemiologists have noted the emergence of some unfavorable trends in the child population health, namely: an increase in the number of allergic pathologies, autoimmune diseases, obesity, chronic nonspecific bowel diseases. Among the risk factors, changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota occupy one of the first places. This review discusses numerous mechanisms to explain how gut bacteria can be interconnected with immunity or the development of concomitant diseases. The article describes in detail various strategies used to manage the gut microbiota for the prevention and treatment of diseases. The role of probiotic strains and their influence on various parts of the immune response are also described. Besides, the article presents the study data concerning the influence of probiotic drugs on the provision of immunological resistance in the human body. Understanding the mechanisms of interaction between the host and the microbiota and their regulation will allow us to determine individual therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of many diseases. The benefits of two strains — Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 7315 and CECT 7316 — which have a comprehensive effect on the intestinal microbiota and having well-expressed immunomodulatory properties are discussed. KEYWORDS: microbiota, gastrointestinal tract, innate immunity, commensals, probiotics, lactobacilli, vitamins. FOR CITATION: Kanner E.V., Zaplatnikov A.L., Kanner I.D., Farber I.M. Probiotics and anti-infective resistance: modern concepts and new therapeutic possibilities. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2023;6(2):184–191 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430- 2023-6-2-184-191.
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