Simulation of improved recovery processes from gas condensate and volatile oil reservoirs is significantly affected by the match of experimental PVT data. Therefore, a proper characterization of the mixture composition and tuning of the equation of state used are crucial for the accuracy of the reservoir model. This paper presents an efficient method for phase behaviour matching by non-linear regression. The constraints introduced by the boundaries of the regression variables are eliminated by a suitable change of variables. This leads to an unconstrained optimization problem, solved by an original implementation of the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The C
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fraction is described by a continuous (semi-infinite or truncated) distribution function. A new, rigorous generalized quadrature method is developed for the characterization of the continuous portion of the mixture, which can be applied to any distribution function.
The regression was applied to PVT data for several gas-condensate, including near-critical, and volatile oil systems subjected to different types of expansion and swelling tests, as well as multistage separation processes. The calculated results indicate very good agreement with experimental values. The regression algorithm proves to be robust and efficient.
Translation is used to express in different languages the same communication content. To distinguish the content as such, modern communication theories are based on the distinction made by three levels or types of linguistic content. This study uses the terminology of Coseriu from Textlinguistik (1994). According to this author, three main types of linguistic content can be distinguished: the designation - the reference to the extra-linguistic reality, the signification – the given content of the individual language and the meaning - what the text or a text fragment ‘meant’ in a specific context and in a specific situation. For the communication process it is important, which from these three types linguistic content can be found in a text and must be transferred when translating into another language. The article offers a comparative research between the original French text from Charles De Coster „La légende et les aventures héroïques, joyeuses et glorieuses d’Ulenspiegel et de Lamme Goedzak au pays de Flandres et ailleurs” and its German translations. The study examines 129 Flemish words and idioms used by the Belgian author for his „Flemish language”. The analyze shows the difficulties in the communication process trough translation in order to maintain the content with all significations in a different language.
In the Romanian language, there are differences in the assessment of prepositions based on the linguistic knowledge. For the analyzed structures of the Romanian language, the article uses the competence theory of Coseriu (1980, 1988). In his theory there are three forms of judgment used as criteria to distinguish between the different types of knowledge: the first type refers to the general language competence, the ability of the speaker to speak congruently, the second type refers to the ability to use a single language correctly and the third rated the ability to speak appropriately corresponding to the matter, to the listeners and to the situation. The structures like: pahar de apă / pahar cu apă (water glass/ glass (with) water) are for many linguists - including Coseriu – a very confusing example of language use. Since the reasons for that (and the solutions) have not been so clearly presented in the research as in the case of the regional varieties, the aim of the article is to present more precisely - based on Coseriu’s competence theory - the nature of the deviations in the use of language and the circumstances under which mistakes are accepted.
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