The construction of hydro developments with high dams of large volumes lasts, as a rule, more than !0 years, which leads to immobilization of capital investments and reduction of their effectiveness in the economy.To avoid this, capacities are started up at intermediate heads with the dams still under construction, sometimes with the use of temporary runners. For example, the staged start-up of units of a hydroelectric station whose construction is being completed made it possible to produce additionally about 33 billion kWh of electricity during five years.The staged putting of structures into operation is specified by the design. A limit level of filling of the reservoir and minimum allowable profile of the dam ensuring satisfactory operation of the structure at the acting head are established for each stage. When assigning the dam profile of each stage it is assumed that, with consideration of staged construction, the stress--strain state of the dam of the complete profile at the normal pool level (NPL) will correspond to the calculated design assumptions.Among structures put into operation in stages are the dams of hydroelectric stations: the Sayano-Shushenskoe gravity-arch dam and the Nurek eartPr-rock dam.The Sayano-Shushenskoe gravity-arch dam with a height of 242 m and crest length of 1066 m has a base width of 105.7 m and crest width of 25 m. The dam is divided lengthwise by contraction joints into sections about 15 m wide. The sections consist of 27-m-long columns. A grout curtain I00 m deep and a drainage system are constructed in the foundation of the dam.The dam is located in a canyon with steep walls (800-900 m above the waterline).Its foundation is composed of schists.The climate of the construction region is markedly continental, the seismicity is 6-7.To monitor the work and state of the dam during construction and temporary and permanent operation, it is equipped with a considerable number of monitoring and measuring instruments. A monitoring system is created on the structure, which consists of about 3000 embedded sensors for determining deformations, temperature, and seepage pressure in the concrete, a piezometric network, a number of geodetic instruments, and devices for measuring displacements of the structure and rock foundation.The staged start-up of the dam requires timely cooling of the concrete masonry to the temperature of grouting the column and radial joints, promptintervention in the technology of constructing the structure, and effective checking of the curing of the placed concrete, which under conditions of Siberia is one of the primary problems.For this purpose, additional embedded telethermometers were installed in the dam.For provision of on-site observations, regulation of the temperature regime of the dam, and provision of timely sealing of the concrete masonry of the dam, a special service was created at the construction site which works in close contact with design and research institutes. One of the tasks facing the service was a determination of the effect of the temperat...
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