Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the population. Unfortunately, cardiovascular disease and its associated risks are often difficult to diagnose due to the many factors associated with age and other comorbidities that lead to significant uncertainty in diagnostic classification and therapeutic decision making. Therefore, there is a great need to find new biomarkers for more accurate diagnosis, risk assessment and treatment recommendations for both acute and chronic cardiovascular disease. This article presents an analysis of metabolomic and genomic markers used for the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. The study of the metabolome in combination with the genome and proteome can provide important information about both the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and the ability to search for and identify new cardiovascular disease biomarkers. Along with the fundamental data on new cardiovascular disease biomarkers, there is an urgent need for further research confirming their great potential for practical health care.
At present, metabolomics is an intensively developing approach to the specific diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Metabolic analysis allows the study of complete metabolomic profiles and their deviations resulting from changes, for example, gene and RNA expression, protein activity, or environmental factors. Analysis of the metabolomic blood profile helps in solving a large number of scientific and clinical problems, one of which is the search for markers of diseases, in particular, cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Aim of the study was to investigate metabolomic markers used for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases on the basis of literature data. Material and methods. The literature data was analyzed for key words: cardiovascular diseases, metabolomics, metabolic profile, metabolomic markers in da- tabases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CyberLeninka, PatentDB, Science Direct Open Access, eLibrary. Results. Analysis of literature data and patent search confirms the high importance of metabolomic markers in the diagnosis of CVD. In the patent literature, BNP/NT-proBNP is most common used as a metabolic marker of CVD (11.27 %). The use of CRP (8.99 %) and troponin (8.49 %) is also common. PICP (0.02 %), sVCAM-1 (0.09 %), stimulating growth factor ST-2 (0.12 %) and thrombomodulin (0.12 %) as metabolic markers of CVD. Conclusions. Against the backdrop of analytical methods, metabolomics is the most important diagnostic area. At the same time, it should be noted that by combining the results of the analysis of metabolic studies with others, for example, genomic and proteomic, one can get a complete picture of the pathogenesis of diseases, assess the risk of complications, and also determine the effectiveness of the treatment.
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