This study assessed the insect pest infestation of tomato during 2011 and 2012 in three localities namely Bula Kuliye, Kajeri and Soye of Bama Local Government Area, Borno State, Nigeria. Fifty plants were randomly checked per farmers' field for insect pest recovery and count. Sampling was carried out in five to nine farmers' fields per locality. With 38-52 %, 9-62 %, 13-39 % and 5-9 % species composition respectively across localities, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) followed by Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) were more predominant insect pests of tomato in these localities over Tetranychus sp. (Acari: Tetranichidae) and Spodoptera litoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Total proportion of infested tomato plants per farmers' field ranged from 19-36 %, and was significantly higher in Bula Kuliye and Kajeri than in Soye. Total number of insect pests per plant/leave and bored fruits per farmers' field fell between 2-5 and 21-35, and likewise, was higher in Bula Kuliye and Kajeri than in Soye. Although tomato plant infestation and fruit damage were found to be moderate or high in these localities, future studies on the bionomics or population dynamics of these insects remain essential for establishing their economic status.
Field experiment was conducted in 2014 to test the efficacy of different organic amendments on the control of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.). The different materials are sole neem, sole poultry manure, and a combination of neem and poultry manure. Neem was applied at the rate of 160 g per plot, poultry manure was applied at the rate of 1120 g per plot, combination of neem and poultry manure was applied at 1280 g per plot and Furadan was applied at 16 g per plot. Nonamended plot served control. Results obtained showed a combination of neem and poultry manure that produced the highest nematode suppression with a population of 58.3, followed by sole neem and poultry manure that produced 81.7, 94.7 respectively. This is compared to the chemical nematicide, Furadan that produced the least population of 41.7. The control treatment produced the highest population of 226.7. Reduction in nematodes population was concomitant to increase in rice growth and yield parameters. Combination of neem and manure produced the highest rice yield of 108 g which is significantly not different from manure that produced 107 g of rice. Among the three experimental factors neem produced the least rice yield of 88.2 g. This is compared to Furadan that produces 140.7 g rice. The non-amended control treatment produced the smallest quantity of rice which is 66.5 g.
Field experiment was conducted during the rainy season (summer) of 2014 to determine the effect of mixture cow dung of neem on population of root knot nematode infesting okra. A parcel of land highly endemic to population of root knot nematode was chosen for the experiment. Treatments include sole neem at 11.5 g, sole cowdung at 100 g and mixture of cowdung and neem at 111.5 g were applied to individual crop stand in plots of size 2.0 M by 2.0 M. Furadan, a chemical nematicide was applied as a standard check. Non amended plots in which no treatment was applied served as a control. Crop stands numbering 16 per plot were planted with okra. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on nematodes population and plant growth parameters and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using Fisher's least significant difference (LSD). Results obtained showed mixture of neem and cow dung produced 27.6 second stage juvenile which was the lowest population obtained, with a concomitant highest okra yield of yield of 2.4 tons/hectre (T/ha). Sole neem and cow dung suppressed nematodes population by 35.3 and 98.6 respectively with attendant okra yield of 1.9 and 1.4 T/ha respectively. Amendment of soil with mixture of neem and cow dung substantially suppressed Meloidogyne spp. infesting okra and may provide practical control of root-knot nematodes as part of sustainable nematode management system.
The study analysed the price trend and integration of prices of cowpea in Biu and Miringa markets of Biu Local Government Areas of Borno State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to: describe the trend of cowpea price variation between 2016– 2018; determine the degree of variation in the price of cowpea overtime in the study area and analyze integration between the markets. Secondary data were used for the study. Data on monthly prices of 100kg of cowpea for Biu and Miringa Markets were obtained from Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWSNET) office Biu Branch for the period of three (3) years (2016-2018). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The descriptive statistics used was graphical presentation of the trend of price data. While the inferential statistics used were the unit root test and Engle and Granger co-integration analysis. This study revealed that there were upward and downward trends in prices of cowpea grain in both Biu and Miringa markets for the period of the study. The variations observed in the prices were influenced by time and space. The stationarity test (ADF unit root test) showed that all the price series were non-stationary at levels. On differencing, stationarity was attained indicating that the prices were integrated of order one, which showed co-movement of prices between the two markets. Engle and Granger co-integration tests showed the existence of two co-integration equations. There is a strong need for private organizations and the Government through the producers and marketers of cowpea to provide more and better dissemination of market intelligence and information among the farmers and traders to improve knowledge which would help make the price more stable.
This study assessed the insect pest infestation of tomato during 2011 and 2012 in three localities namely Bula Kuliye, Kajeri and Soye of Bama Local Government Area, Borno State, Nigeria. Fifty plants were randomly checked per farmers’ field for insect pest recovery and count. Sampling was carried out in five to nine farmers’ fields per locality. With 38-52 %, 9-62 %, 13-39 % and 5-9 % species composition respectively across localities, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) followed by Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) were more predominant insect pests of tomato in these localities over Tetranychus sp. (Acari: Tetranichidae) and Spodoptera litoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Total proportion of infested tomato plants per farmers’ field ranged from 19-36 %, and was significantly higher in Bula Kuliye and Kajeri than in Soye. Total number of insect pests per plant/leave and bored fruits per farmers’ field fell between 2-5 and 21-35, and likewise, was higher in Bula Kuliye and Kajeri than in Soye. Although tomato plant infestation and fruit damage were found to be moderate or high in these localities, future studies on the bionomics or population dynamics of these insects remain essential for establishing their economic status.
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