estimate of the association in each city by means of the construction of generalized additive Poisson regression models and metanalysis for obtaining combined estimators. The EMECAS Project began with the creation of three working groups (Exposure, Epidemiology and Analysis Methodology) which defined the protocol. The average levels of pollutants were below those established under the current regulations for sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and ozone. The NO2 and PM10 values were around those established under the regulations (40 mg/m3). This is the first study of the relationship between air pollution and disease rate among one group of Spanish cities. The pollution levels studied are moderate for some pollutants, although for others, especially NO2 and particles, these levels could entail a problem with regard to complying with the regulations in force.
This study highlights the prevalence of a healthier diet among non-smokers and ex-smokers, who share similar diet patterns that are healthier than those of smokers. It would also be desirable for smokers to have healthier food consumption habits in order to reduce the effects of tobacco and to meet the additional demand for some nutrients required by this group.
Fundamento. Las urgencias extrahospitalarias de Navarra sufrieron modificaciones en la organización hace dos años, destacando la creación del servicio de urgencias rural (SUR) que coexiste geográficamente con el servicio normal de urgencias. El objetivo del estudio es conocer la opinión de expertos sobre los problemas y las recomendaciones de mejora que afectan a las urgencias extrahospitalarias.Metodología. Se realizó un estudio Delphi con la participación de 37 expertos (médicos y enfermeras). Por medio del correo electrónico se realizan 3 rondas de cuestionarios sucesivos. El último cuestionario identifica el grado de acuerdo con las ideas del grupo y se identifican los 15 problemas y recomendaciones más relevantes, seleccionando aquellas ideas que alcancen, al menos, el 50 % de acuerdo y una prioridad superior al percentil 25. Agrupamos las ideas mediante análisis de clúster jerárquico.resultados. Se identifican 4 clúster de problemas, destacando entre ellos que "la población utiliza las urgencias para patología banal, como una consulta más" con una puntuación de 297 puntos. De las recomendaciones, con 3 clúster identificados, destaca la "necesidad de diseñar un plan estratégico de atención a las urgencias con unos recursos acorde a las necesidades" (310 puntos de prioridad) y "enviar mensajes claros a la población sobre uso correcto de urgencias" (192 puntos de prioridad).
conclusión. El método Delphi identifica problemas y áreas de mejora a través del consenso.Palabras clave. Delphi. Urgencias. Servicios de Salud. aBstract Background. Two years ago there were alterations to outpatient A and E departments in Navarre; in particular, a rural A and E service (Servicio de Urgencias Rural, SUR) was set up, which coexists geographically with the normal A and E service. The aim of this study is to determine the opinion of experts on problems and recommendations for improvements that affect outpatient A and E services.
Methodology.A Delphi study was carried out with the participation of 37 experts (doctors and nurses). Three successive rounds of questionnaires were completed using email. The final questionnaire identified degree of agreement with the group's ideas, and the 15 most relevant problems and recommendations were identified; those ideas that were selected achieved at least 50% agreement and their priority was above 25%. We grouped the ideas using a hierarchic cluster analysis.results. Four cluster problems were identified; the most outstanding amongst them being "the population uses A and E for banal pathologies, just like any other consultation" with a score of 297 points. Outstanding amongst the recommendations, with 3 identified clusters, were the "need to design a strategic plan for A and E care with resources appropriate to the needs" (310 priority points) and "sending clear messages to the population on the correct use of A and E" (192 priority points).conclusion. The Delphi method identifies problems and improvement areas through consensus.
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