Механизм финансирования «зеленых» инвестиций как элемент национальной стратегии финансирования устойчивого развития Аннотация «Зеленые» инвестиции сегодня рассматриваются Правительством России и как инструмент решения экологических проблем, и как фактор экономического роста. Но до настоящего времени процесс перехода к «зеленой» экономике еще явно не определяется, поскольку не завершена настройка национального механизма финансирования «зеленых» инвестиций. В настоящей статье описываются результаты исследования распространенности в национальной деловой среде идей «зеленого» роста и в практике национальных компаний-«зеленых» инвестиций. Для анализа был собран массив данных, представленных на официальных сайтах 253 крупнейших национальных компаний. Помимо эмпирических данных изучены документы национального стратегического планирования на предмет отражения в стратегиях развития отраслей и территорий идей и принципов «зеленой» экономики, а также руководящие принципы, разрабатываемые глобальными институтами. В результате выявлена проблемная ситуация: низкий уровень «зеленых» инвестиций российского бизнеса обусловлен в том числе отсутствием четкой понятийной базы и правил. Решение проблемы лежит в плоскости достижения общественного согласия в отношении того, какие секторы национальной экономики следует признать приводящими к устойчивому развитию, а какие, наоборот, к неустойчивому.
The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to respond to increased climate risks, which makes countries develop climate policies that can effectively meet sustainable development challenges and protect national economic interests. The transformation of climate policy causes the need to shift capital flows from “brown” economy sectors to “green” ones and integrate environmental factors into the process of making financial and investment decisions. At present, the EU is actively developing a climate finance system which will have an impact on the Russian economy. The article is aimed at outlining the changes in climate policies and financial strategies in the EU and Russia, influenced by the global climate agenda. It analyses the volumes and sources of climate finance mobilized by the EU, as well as regional support instruments in the transition period. The article determines the current changes in the Russian Federation’s climate policy. As a result of the research, the authors have come to the following conclusions. The EU is a vivid example of the fact that countries have long moved from climate change debates to the implementation of specific measures. The Russian Federation lags far behind the EU in terms of both mobilizing financial resources to ensure the transition to a low-carbon economy, and developing proven emission control instruments which help to stimulate the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and fulfill the obligations under the Paris Agreement.
According to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, inclusive green growth is considered to be the pathway to sustainable development. The transition to a resource-efficient green economy is especially challenging for developing countries due to a huge funding gap to implement the Agenda. Governments can play a proactive role in this process by incorporating sustainability factors into national financial systems to channel capital flows into green projects. Indonesia has greatly advanced toward a more sustainable financial system. Its experience in this sphere is especially valuable for the Russian Federation, which is currently shaping its policy of financing sustainable development. The study aims to identify the key facets of Indonesia's strategy for sustainable finance. The authors outline the major aspects of Indonesia's action plan and examine its regulatory framework for sustainable finance, including the domestic green bond market. They also analyze Russia's current initiatives to promote sustainable finance at the national level. The authors come to the conclusion that the Indonesian strategy for sustainable finance is distinguished by specific objectives and principles of sustainable finance closely tied to national development priorities; a clear-cut action plan with time-bound measures to create a conducive environment for sustainable finance; a comprehensive regulatory framework embracing the entire financial sector; a phased approach to the transition to sustainable financing; and strong regulatory support for financial institutions during the transition period.
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