During the last years, a lot of research activity has been devoted to a biomass conversion into liquid fuels. In order to produce fuels of the same quality as those obtained from crude oil, an appropriate conversion technology is required. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass is a catalytic process that is considered to be a very promising technology for biofuel production. HTL products have a relatively high content of gasoline and diesel fractions, low oxygen content and high heating value. Moreover, HTL does not require a drying of the raw materials prior to conversion that allows a significant reduction of the price of the biofuel. We developed a new catalytic system for HTL, consisting of halloysite nanotubes as aluminosilicate carrier and strontium/titanium/tin oxide as an isomerizing component. Due to the sufficiently high specific surface area of halloysite nanotubes, a higher content of gasoline fraction in biocrude products was achieved. In addition, the introduction of the isomerizing component significantly increased the octane number of the gasoline fraction.
The protective action of imidazoline-based corrosion inhibitors for low-carbon steel tending to absorb hydrogen in acidic media is studied using impedance spectroscopy and breaking tests. It is shown that commercial inhibitors FLEK-IK 201 A and FLEK-IK 201 B reduce corrosion and the hydrogen-absorption rate, having an St3 steel-protection degree above 80%, and lower the strength-loss coefficient of steel-wire samples in acidic H 2 S-containing media to 1.3-4.3%.The reliability and service life of equipment and pipelines are high-priority issues for the development and operation of oil-and-gas deposits. Corrosion inhibitors are used to reduce the wear rate of equipment operating in contact with corrosive media. The development and testing of inhibitors are important not only for traditional inhibitors that are added to the corrosive medium but also for modern protective coatings containing encapsulated corrosion inhibitors [1]. The majority of industrial corrosion inhibitors have limited applications. Therefore, the development and testing of inhibitors that would protect industrial equipment from both corrosion and hydrogen absorption are crucial.The present work studies the effectiveness of industrial corrosion inhibitors FLEK-IK 201 A (a mixture of imidazolines with C 10 -C 14 hydrocarbon chains that are dissolved in a mixture of polar organic solvents) and FLEK-IK 201 B (a mixture of imidazolines with C 10 -C 14 hydrocarbon chains, polar organic
A way of synthesizing bimetallic gold/silver nanoparticles with in situ seeding initiated by the addition of sodium borohydride is proposed. The obtained nanoparticles are studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Changes in the optical density spectra of the nanoparticles during their coagulation are investigated. The technique allows the rapid acquisition of nontoxic SERS-active nanoparticles with maximum SERS enhancement factor about 10 5 in the near infrared range for Raman shifts typical for biological objects such as bacterial cells and spores.
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