The article shows the results of the study of biochemical blood indices in sports horses. It is shown that in horses after exercise developing the metabolic syndrome which is a result of insufficient supply of organs and tissues of energy accompanied by development of dehydration, cytolysis syndrome, uremic syndrome, electrolyte imbalance. Evaluation of cardiac output in horses must be performed during and after physical exertion, when during latent disease manifests itself clinically. It is important to know the ways of flowing the course of metabolic processes that occur in the body of horses during physical activity of varying intensity. The most common reason for excluding horses from sports events is metabolic disorders and cardiovascular dysfunction. The aim of the work was to investigate changes in biochemical blood parameters in sports horses after physical exertion. The material for research was horses, which are used in classical equestrian sports. In all horses the general analysis and biochemical parameters of blood, characterizing the functional state of the organs (heart, liver, kidneys) were investigated. The most frequent in horses for physical overstrain is registered increased fatigue, dyspnea, tachycardia, less frequent arrhythmias. In sports horses after exercise develops dehydration (hyperproteinemia), uremic syndrome (increasing the concentration of urea and creatinine), cytolysis syndrome (activity increase of AST and ALT), electrolyte imbalance (decrease in serum sodium and potassium). Hyperlactatemia that occurs in horses during exercise causes changes in the permeability of cardiomyocytes and exit enzymes in the blood and can play a key role in the pathogenesis of myocardial dystrophy.  Installed tests can serve for early diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in horses for exercise.

This paper presents cosmological models in which the gravitational and cosmological constants G and Λ are time-dependent. We find a variety of solutions for the variation of cosmological parameters. It is also found that, in the case of matter dominated Robertson-Walker Universe, if the cosmological constant Λ = 0 , the Hubble's constant H is not constant at all but inversely proportional to the cosmic time. The conservation law for the energy momentum tensor is still valid with our law of variation: Λ ∝ R −2 and G ρ ∝ Λ 8π .

The article presents the results of research content of electrolytes in the blood sport horses before and after exercise. The study was conducted on 50 horses Ukrainian warmlood, Hanoverian and Westphalian breeds. Research biochemical blood parameters in horses, including the maintenance of electrolytes used to determine the effect of exercise on physical performance of animals. Horses electrolytes play an important role in maintaining osmotic pressure, fluid balance, so it is important to determine the contents of the horses during and after exercise. Established that the content of calcium and phosphorus in serum horses after exercise of medium intensity tended to decrease. Exercise in sport horses not affect the metabolism of magnesium in the blood. After exercise serum sport horses significantly reduced in sodium and potassium, which is due to loss of electrolytes through sweat and development electrolyte imbalance.

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Regular physical exercise improves the cardiovascular system function, increases energy metabolism and antioxidant protection, provides greater muscle strength and physical endurance. However, exhaustive physical exercise can cause oxidative stress. During intense physical exercise, erythrocytes become more vulnerable to oxidative damage due to action of active oxygen forms, high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Physical loading of horses is accompanied by the development of tissue hypoxia, so one needs to study in detail changes of hematopoiesis indices, responsible for providing oxygen to tissues. When monitoring animal health, blood tests will detect a disease in early stages, because blood is a sensitive indicator of metabolic disorders, both of physiological and pathological body conditions. The purpose of present study was to examine changes of some hematopoiesis indicators (RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH), acid resistance of erythrocytesand population structure in trotting horses due to workloads of 1,600 m trot races (at rest, after race, after 90 min). In total, 20 clinically healthy horses of Orlovska and Russian trotting breeds, aged 2–3 years, were used in the study. The experimental animals included 5 mares, 15 stallions. All horses had active training. The horses were divided into two groups. The first animal group included animals that showed high results (2 min 04 s – 2 min 21 s); the second had trotters that covered the distance with worse time (2 min 28 s – 2 min 41 s). The erythrocyte couint in the leader horses after the loading increased, in the outsider horses it fell. After rest the leader horses’ erythrocytes returned to their original values, in the outsider horses they did not change. The outsider horses’ hemoglobin level after loading was lower than in the leader horses. The leader horses had higher hemoglobin content after rest (by 11.0% as compared with the values before the loading). The outsider horses had lower hemoglobin content. The leader horses hematocrit value increased, in the outsider horses ‒ decreased. The leader horses’ MCV after the loading was reduced, however after rest it recovered. The outsider horses showed MSV increase during the whole study period. The MCH in the leader horses did not change over the entire research period, in the outsider horses – it increased. The animals that showed better results, had an increasing number of “mature” and “old” erythrocytes due to their elimination from the depot. However, the outsider animals had an increasing number of “young” erythrocytes, resistant to hemolysis, but they were not able to provide tissues with needed oxygen.

The results of research of certain biochemical parameters of blood in dairy cows for the prevention of insufficiency of Co, Cu and Zn by inorganic and organic compounds of trace elements are presented. The purpose of the work – to investigate the state of individual biochemical parameters of blood in dairy cows when using inorganic and organic compounds Co, Cu and Zn to prevent their insufficiency. The research material was the blood serum of experimental animals, which determined the content of total protein and the percentage of albumin, total calcium content, inorganic phosphorus, aspartateaminotransferase (AST) activity, alanineaminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP).For research on dairy cows of the first experimental group, together with the feeds of the main diet, a mixture of trace elements sulphates was fed in the following ratio of components (mg/100 kg body weight): CuSO4 – 50, CoSO4 – 5, ZnSO4 – 120. Animals of the second experimental group fed a mixture of methionates and lysinates of trace elements in the following ratio of components (mg/ 100 kg of body weight): CuMet – 15, CuLis – 15, CoMet – 1, CoLis – 1, ZnMet – 35, ZnLis – 35. Feeding the mixture of compounds of fragile microelements was carried out by mixing them with mixed fodder, once a day, for 60 days. The evaluation of the research results was carried out at the beginning and at the end of the experiment.On the background of the deficit of Сobalt, Сuprum and Zinc, clinically diseased animals have hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, increased activity of AST, ALT and AP, indicating a metabolic abnormality in cows and development of microelementosis. It was established that the use of chelated cheeses in the form of methionates and lysinates of scarce microelements had a better therapeutic effect compared to inorganic compounds. The result of the application of chelate compounds of trace elements was a possible increase in the content of total protein in the blood serum, fractions of albumins, total calcium, decrease in the activity of AST, ALT and AP.

У статті показано можливу наявність фізіологічного зв'язку еритроцитарних антигенів систем груп крові А, С, D, К обстежених коней української селекції з основними показниками спермограм. Встановлено, що при успадкуванні алелів аd/bcm і dg/cgm системи групи крові D у жеребців спо-стерігається тенденція до зниження активності сперматозоїдів у середньому менше ніж на 5 балів, de/dk, dg/di, dk/d, dk/de, dk/dk було от-римано спермограми середньої якості з активністю сперматозоїдів від 5 до 7 балів; при виявленні алелей bcm/cgm, dg/dk, de/d, cgm/d, cgm/de-отримання високих значень активності сперматозоїдів більше ніж 7 балів. Встановлена тенденція збільшення концентрації сперматозоїдів за наявності у жеребців а/-алеля системи групи крові С. Показано можливе зниження концентрації спермато-зоїдів у коней в разі носійства а/-алеля системи групи крові К. Найбільшим кореляційним зв'язком із об'ємом еякуляту, активністю, концентрацією та кількістю патологічних форм сперматозоїдів мали алелі D-системи, коефіцієнт кореляції становив 0,36, 0,31, 0,43 і 0,27 відповідно. Водночас було встановлено, що алелі А, С і К-систем груп крові мали коефіцієнт кореляції з досліджуваними показниками сперми не більше ніж 0,07. Ключові слова: еритроцитарні антигени; алелі; системи групи крові; коні; спермограма.

Background: Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of exercise; even in human that in horse, but exercise could also represent a physical stress that challenging body homeostasis. Exercise stress pushes the body to find a dynamic equilibrium through adaptive changes to ensure proper management of stress caused by maximal exercise. These changes affect various composition of body fluids, in particular changes in blood composition including an increase in Red Blood Cells (RBC), Hematocrit (Hct) and Hemoglobin (Hgb) values and a change in Platelets (Plt) count. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of repeated jumping exercise on haematological parameters in horse. Material, Methods & Results: For this purpose we evaluated the modifications occurring in cell blood count (CBC) in horses during two international three stars *** show jumping competition performed in two consecutive weekend. After routine clinical examination, twelve well trained Italian Saddle horses were enrolled for this study. For every subject, Red blood cell (RBC), haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin (HGB) and platelets (PLT) were assessed. Blood samples were collected: in the morning after the meal (7:30-8:00 AM), before the beginning of the competition (R 1) and within 10 min after competition ending (C 1 S 1 , C 1 S 2) and on the day after competition (R 2). The same procedure was followed on the second weekend (C 2 S 1 , C 2 S 2 , R 3). Whole blood samples were placed on ice pending analysis that were performed within 2 h after collection and immediately taken to the laboratory for analysis. The obtained data were analyzed with Stats package of R: R Core Team (2013). One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant effect on sampling time (P < 0.05) concerning every studied parameter.