The possibility and the efficiency of using a single diffractive lens to achromatize and apochromatize micro-objectives with plastic lenses are shown. In addition, recommendations are given on assembling the starting configurations of the objectives and calculating the design parameters required for subsequent optimization. It is also shown that achievable optical performance of achromatic and apochromatic micro-objectives with plastic lenses satisfy the qualifying standards for cell-phone objectives and closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras.
The possibility for achieving optical performance of objectives, including a minimum amount of diffractive lenses, comparable to optical performance of multiple-lens conventional objectives for nanolithography, is considered. The problem of chromatism connected with using excimer lasers is solved by applying aspheric substrates that help to reduce both axial color and spherochromatic aberration.
For medium- and long-wavelength dual-band infrared refractive and refractive-diffractive thermal imaging zoom lenses of simple design, we show that it is possible to maintain superb and practically unchanged optical characteristics across the temperature range from –40 to +40°C in the entire range of focal length variation. Athermalization for any focal length is achieved by moving one double-lens component or a single lens along the optical axis of the lens. Considering that these optical components are not involved in the zooming process, it becomes possible to both compensate for thermal defocusing and focus the lens on the object of interest using the same focusing mechanism, while maintaining the size and tightness of the optical system.
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