The peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) became a serious pest in Egypt; however, it attacking a wide range of fruit species. The purpose of this study was to enhance of Buminal, Agrinal and Amadene (commercially available protein-based baits in Egypt) in attracting B. zonata by using ammonium acetate and diammonium phosphate under the field conditions of a mango orchard. McPhail traps were used containing mixtures of protein-bait and ammonium compound (with ratios of 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2, respectively) in comparison with either protein-bait or ammonium compound alone. The obtained results showed that the attracted B. zonata flies to the mixtures between Buminal and ammonium acetate did not differ significantly with Buminal alone; while, all mixtures between the same bait and di-ammonium phosphate were significantly higher than Buminal alone. With respect to Agrinal, when it mixed with ammonium acetate (at a ratio of 1:1) or mixed with di-ammonium phosphate (at all ratios) attracted significantly higher numbers of B. zonata flies in comparison with Agrinal alone. Mixtures containing di-ammonium phosphate (at all ratios) or ammonium acetate (at a ratio of 1:1) mixed with Amadene exhibited significantly higher attractability for B. zonata flies in comparison with Amadene alone. On another hand, all of the tested treatments attracted more females than males. As a conclusion, each of Agrinal or Amadene can be enhanced by mixing any of them with di-ammonium phosphate or ammonium acetate at a ratio of 1:1 which resulting significantly higher attractability of B. zonata especially females; while, Buminal can be enhanced by mixing it with di-ammonium phosphate at the same ratio.

The larval diet for the potato tuberworm, Ph. operculella, proved to have a profound effect on the duration and weight of larvae and pupae as well as on the percentage of moth emergence. The shortest periods, the heaviest weights of larvae and pupae and the highest percentage of moth emergence occurred when potato tubers were offered as food. With the same diet, adults of both sexes lived longer and females laid higher number of eggs and relatively longer oviposition periods than those offered potato or tomato leaves. Zusammenfassung Zur Biologie der Kartoffelmotte Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lep., Gelechiidae). I. Wirkung der Nahrung Die Nahrungskomponente hat für P. operculella tiefgreifende Wirkungen auf die Entwick‐lungsdauer und das Gewicht der Larven und Puppen sowie auf die Schlüpfrate der Falter. Die Kürzeste Entwicklung, die hüchsten Larven‐ und Puppengewichte und die größte Schlüpfrate wurden nach Ernährung der Raupen mit Kartoffelknollen festgestellt. Bei der gleichen Nahrung lebten die Falter beiderlei Geschlechts länger und war die Zahl der abge‐legten Eier pro Weibchen höher sowie die Eiablageperiode ausgedehnter als nach Fraß der Larven an Kartoffel‐ und Tomatenblättern.

Female moths of Ph. operculella offered sugar solutions at concentrations of 5–20% laid relatively higher number of eggs and lived longer than those offered plain water or nothing (starved moths). The highest mean number of eggs laid by a single female and the longest life span were recorded for female moths offered 5% sugar solution. Mated females laid more eggs and moths of both sexes lived shorter than unmated ones. Zusammenfassung Wirkungen der Imaginalnahrung und Kopulation auf die Eizahl und Lebensdauer der Kartoffelmotte Phthorimaea operculella Zeller Die weiblichen Motten von Ph. operculella, die mit 5‐ bis 20prozentigen Zuckerlösungen gefüttert wurden, legten mehr Eier ab und lebten länger als solche, die nur Wasser oder nichts erhielten. Die höchste mittlere Eizahl pro Weibchen und die längste Lebensdauer wurden bei Ernährung mit 5prozentiger Zuckerlösung festgestellt. Begattete Weibchen legten mehr Eier, lebten aber kürzer als unbegattete.

Unlike the larval and pupal stages, the incubation period of eggs of Phthorimaea operculella was significantly affected by photoperiodism, being extremely short at a photoperiodic regime of LD 12: 12. Above or below 12 h of light, an obvious and gradual increase in the incubation period was obtained. The reverse was however true with the egg‐laying capacity of females and the longevity of moths of both sexes which reached their maximum at LD 12: 12, and decreased gradually reaching a minimum at both complete darkness and continuous light. The same trend was observed with weights of larvae and pupae. Zusammenfassung Zur Biologie der Kartoffelmotte, Phthorimaea operculella Zell. (Lep., Gelechiidae). Reaktion auf die Photoperiode Im Gegensatz zum Larven‐ und Puppenstadium wurden die Eier von Phthorimaea operculella durch verschiedene Tageslichtlänge (Photoperiode) signifikant beeinflußt: die Eientwicklung war am kürzesten bei einem 12: 12‐Licht‐: Dunkelheit‐Verhältnis. Darüber und darunter nahm die Entwicklungsdauer zu. Bei gleicher Photoperiode erreichten Eiablege‐Kapazität und Lebensdauer der Falter Maxima. Derselbe Trend wurde bezüglich des Gewichts der Larven und Puppen beobachtet.