CO2 electroreduction technology is considered an important
example of efficient carbon-containing energy sources. Herein, we
introduce the metal–support interaction effect with a TiC support
for Au/TiC electrocatalysis, which exhibits considerably enhanced
activity and selectivity for electroreduction of CO2 to
CO while suppressing H2 evolution. With this catalyst,
an important electronic effect for CO2 electroreduction
was clearly elucidated. Local sp-band charge transfer and d-band shifts
play an important role in bonding with both CO and COOH adsorbates.
Furthermore, the ideal surface interface between Ti and Au could inevitably
maximize the electronic effect, thereby enhancing the catalytic activity
of Au/TiC and subsequent CO production.
Recent advances in the field of nanoscience have enabled the preparation of high‐surface‐area supported catalysts with precise control over the individual structural components. As such, a range of factors that affect the catalytic reactivity, such as the size, shape, and composition of the nanoparticles (NPs), have been identified. Herein, high‐surface‐area model catalysts that were based on colloidal Pd NPs and a hexagonally ordered mesoporous carbon support were prepared and the impact of various organic capping agents for the Pd NPs on their catalytic activity towards Suzuki coupling reactions was investigated. Colloidal Pd NPs (diameter: 3 nm) were synthesized with different organic capping agents, oleylamine (OA) and trioctylphosphine (TOP), and they were subsequently incorporated into the mesopores of CMK‐3 mesoporous carbon to yield OA‐Pd/CMK‐3 and TOP‐Pd/CMK‐3 nanocatalysts, respectively. The OA‐Pd/CMK‐3 catalyst was treated with acetic acid to generate a supported catalyst with surfactant‐free Pd NPs (OA‐Pd/CMK‐3‐A). Structural characterization revealed that the Pd NPs were uniformly dispersed throughout the mesopores of the CMK‐3 support and the particle size and crystallinity of the Pd NPs were preserved following the incorporation. All of the Pd/CMK‐3 nanocatalysts exhibited higher activity than commercial activated carbon supported Pd catalysts in Suzuki coupling reactions. The catalytic activities of the three Pd/CMK‐3 nanocatalysts were in the following order: OA‐Pd/CMK‐3‐A>OA‐Pd/CMK‐3>TOP‐Pd/CMK‐3. This result suggested that the presence and type of surfactants had a significant effect on the catalytic activity. The OA‐Pd/CMK‐3‐A catalyst also showed high activity for various substrates and good recycling ability in Suzuki coupling reactions.
Recent developments in the synthesis of SpellECuO nanoparticles (NPs) and their application to the [3+2] cycloaddition of azides with terminal alkynes are reviewed. With respect to the importance of click chemistry, CuO hollow NPs, CuO hollow NPs on acetylene black, water-soluble double-hydrophilic block copolymer (DHBC) nanoreactors and ZnO–CuO hybrid NPs were synthesized. Non-conventional energy sources such as microwaves and ultrasound were also applied to these click reactions, and good catalytic activity with high regioselectivity was observed. CuO hollow NPs on acetylene black can be recycled nine times without any loss of activity, and water-soluble DHBC nanoreactors have been developed for an environmentally friendly process.
Bifunctional Pd/Fe3O4/charcoal nanocatalysts are synthesized by simple solid-state grinding. Highly loaded Pd and Fe3O4 nanoparticles are observed and exhibit high product time yield for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions.
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