This paper studies the newly emerging wireless powered communication network in which one hybrid access point (H-AP) with constant power supply coordinates the wireless energy/information transmissions to/from a set of distributed users that do not have other energy sources. A "harvest-then-transmit" protocol is proposed where all users first harvest the wireless energy broadcast by the H-AP in the downlink (DL) and then send their independent information to the H-AP in the uplink (UL) by time-division-multiple-access (TDMA). First, we study the sumthroughput maximization of all users by jointly optimizing the time allocation for the DL wireless power transfer versus the users' UL information transmissions given a total time constraint based on the users' DL and UL channels as well as their average harvested energy values. By applying convex optimization techniques, we obtain the closed-form expressions for the optimal time allocations to maximize the sum-throughput. Our solution reveals an interesting "doubly near-far" phenomenon due to both the DL and UL distance-dependent signal attenuation, where a far user from the H-AP, which receives less wireless energy than a nearer user in the DL, has to transmit with more power in the UL for reliable information transmission. As a result, the maximum sum-throughput is shown to be achieved by allocating substantially more time to the near users than the far users, thus resulting in unfair rate allocation among different users. To overcome this problem, we furthermore propose a new performance metric so-called common-throughput with the additional constraint that all users should be allocated with an equal rate regardless of their distances to the H-AP. We present an efficient algorithm to solve the common-throughput maximization problem. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the common-throughput approach for solving the new doubly near-far problem in wireless powered communication networks.

This paper studies optimal resource allocation in the wireless-powered communication network (WPCN), where one hybrid access-point (H-AP) operating in full-duplex (FD) broadcasts wireless energy to a set of distributed users in the downlink (DL) and at the same time receives independent information from the users via time-division-multiple-access (TDMA) in the uplink (UL). We design an efficient protocol to support simultaneous wireless energy transfer (WET) in the DL and wireless information transmission (WIT) in the UL for the proposed FD-WPCN. We jointly optimize the time allocations to the H-AP for DL WET and different users for UL WIT as well as the transmit power allocations over time at the H-AP to maximize the users' weighted sum-rate of UL information transmission with harvested energy. We consider both the cases with perfect and imperfect self-interference cancellation (SIC) at the H-AP, for which we obtain optimal and suboptimal time and power allocation solutions, respectively. Furthermore, we consider the half-duplex (HD) WPCN as a baseline scheme and derive its optimal resource allocation solution. Simulation results show that the FD-WPCN outperforms HD-WPCN when effective SIC can be implemented and more stringent peak power constraint is applied at the H-AP.Index Terms-Wireless-powered communication network (WPCN), wireless energy transfer (WET), full-duplex (FD) system, resource allocation, convex optimization.

This paper studies user cooperation in the emerging wireless powered communication network (WPCN) for throughput optimization. For the purpose of exposition, we consider a two-user WPCN, in which one hybrid access point (H-AP) broadcasts wireless energy to two distributed users in the downlink (DL) and the users transmit their independent information using their individually harvested energy to the H-AP in the uplink (UL) through timedivision-multiple-access (TDMA). We propose user cooperation in the WPCN where the user which is nearer to the H-AP and has a better channel for DL energy harvesting as well as UL information transmission uses part of its allocated UL time and DL harvested energy to help to relay the far user's information to the H-AP, in order to achieve more balanced throughput. We maximize the weighted sum-rate (WSR) of the two users by jointly optimizing the time and power allocations in the network for both wireless energy transfer in the DL and wireless information transmission and relaying in the UL. Simulation results show that the proposed user cooperation scheme can effectively improve the achievable throughput in the WPCN with desired user fairness.The authors are with the

This paper presents a new duplex approach which does not require guard resources suitable for indoor 2 × 2 MIMO environments. In the proposed duplex, two virtual channels in the spatial domain are generated by precoding and postcoding MIMO channels, not to use guard resources in either the time or frequency domain. In addition, this system can achieve selection diversity since the generation of virtual channels is not unique for the given channels information. We will show the generation of the virtual channel, and that the capacity and reliability of the communication links improves when the problem of the guard resource is addressed and selection diversity is utilized.

In multiple antenna systems, spatial fading correlation causes a significant degradation in performance. In this work, a method for reducing the sensitivity to spatial fading correlation through the bi-directional use of spatial resources is investigated. Firstly, the concept of bi-directional use of spatial resources is introduced and the fading characteristics of the proposed bi-directional multiple-input multiple-output (B-MIMO) system are investigated. The achievable rates of the B-MIMO system are then investigated and compared with those of conventional MIMO systems for beamforming and full rank transmission. Based on those results, conditions needed for the B-MIMO system to demonstrate a larger average achievable rate are evaluated. B-MIMO systems are found to efficiently reduce the sensitivity to spatial fading correlation, while supporting comparable achievable rates in spatially white environments.

Since radio signals carry both energy and information at the same time, a unified study on simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) has recently drawn a significant attention for achieving wireless powered communication networks. In this paper, we study a multiple-input single-output (MISO) multicast SWIPT network with one multi-antenna transmitter sending common information to multiple single-antenna receivers simultaneously along with opportunistic wireless energy harvesting at each receiver. From the practical consideration, we assume that the channel state information (CSI) is only known at each respective receiver but is unavailable at the transmitter. We propose a novel receiver mode switching scheme for SWIPT based on a new application of the conventional random beamforming technique at the multi-antenna transmitter, which generates artificial channel fading to enable more efficient energy harvesting at each receiver when the received power exceeds a certain threshold. For the proposed scheme, we investigate the achievable information rate, harvested average power and power outage probability, as well as their various trade-offs in quasi-static fading channels. Compared to a reference scheme of periodic receiver mode switching without random transmit beamforming, the proposed scheme is shown to be able to achieve better rate-energy trade-offs when the harvested power target is sufficiently large. Particularly, it is revealed that employing one single random beam for the proposed scheme is asymptotically optimal as the transmit power increases to infinity, and also performs the best with finite transmit power for the high harvested power regime of most practical interests, thus leading to an appealing low-complexity implementation. Finally, we compare the rate-energy performances of the proposed scheme with different random beam designs. Index TermsSimultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), multicast, wireless power, energy harvesting, time switching, multi-antenna system, random beamforming, rate-energy trade-off, power outage.

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This paper proposes a novel receiver mode switching scheme for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and the enabling transmitter design for a point-to point multiple-input single-output (MISO) channel when the channel state information (CSI) is not available at the trans mitter. The proposed scheme employs random beamforming at the transmitter to generate artificial channel fading to enable opportunistic energy harvesting at the receiver when the channel power exceeds a certain threshold. For the proposed scheme, we investigate the achievable average information rate and average harvested energy, as well as trade-otIs between them in MISO fading channels. Compared to a reference scheme of periodic receiver mode switching without random transmit beamforming, the proposed scheme is shown to be able to achieve better rate energy trade-off's when the harvested energy target is sufficiently large. Particularly, it is revealed that employing one single random beam for the proposed scheme is asymptotically optimal as the transmit power increases to infinity, and also performs the best with finite transmit power for high energy harvesting requirements of practical interests, thus leading to an appealing low-complexity implementation. I. INTRODUCTIONConventionally, fixed energy supplies (e.g. batteries) are employed in energy-constrained wireless networks, such as sensor networks. The lifetime of the network is typically limited, and is thus one of the most important considerations for designing the network. To prolong the network's operation time, energy harvesting has recently attracted a great deal of attention since it enables scavenging energy from the environment and potentially provides unlimited power supplies for wireless networks.Among other commonly used energy sources (e.g. solar and wind), radio signals radiated by ambient transmitters have drawn an upsurge of interest as a viable new source for wire less energy harvesting. Harvesting energy from radio signals has already been successfully implemented in applications such as passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems and body sensor networks (BSNs) for medical implants. More interestingly, wireless energy harvesting opens an avenue for the joint investigation of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) since radio signals carry energy and information at the same time [1]- [3]. To achieve opti mal wireless energy transfer (WET) and wireless information transfer (WIT) simultaneously, one key challenge is to develop receiver architectures to enable information decoding (ID) and energy harvesting (EH) from the same received signal at the same time [1]. Practically, two suboptimal receiver designs for SWIPT have been proposed in [2], namely power splitting