Integrated surface water–groundwater (SW–GW) models could be used to assess the impacts of climate change or variability on the hydrological cycle. However, the damping effects of the hydrological system have rarely been explored via integrated SW–GW modeling. This paper presents an integrated modeling study in a typical humid area, the Miho catchment in Korea, using an integrated model called Groundwater and Surface-water FLOW (GSFLOW). The major findings of this study are as follows: (1) The simulated results from 2005 to 2014 indicate that the temporal variability in the streamflow, stream-groundwater interactions and groundwater recharge are dominated by the precipitation, while the temporal variability in the evapotranspiration (ET) is controlled by the energy conditions; (2) Damping effects can affect the hydrological cycle across different temporal and spatial scales. At the catchment scale, the soil zone and aquifer play a dominant role in damping the precipitation on monthly and annual time scales, respectively; (3) Variability in the capacity to buffer earlier precipitation is found at small spatial scales, such as streams, and larger spatial scales, such as the whole catchment. This variability could affect the water balance at larger spatial scales and affect the hydrography recession at smaller spatial scales.
This study assesses a relationship between catchment groups and model performance of nine Conceptual Rainfall Runoff models at 22 Guem river sub catchments. Three catchment groups (H1, H2 and H3) are derived from Hydrological distance measuring based on three catchment characteristics (i.e. Area, slope and SCS-CN). 9 CRR models, which are combined from 3 Soil Moisture Accounting models (Probability Distributed Model, Catchment Wetness Index model, Modified Penman type model) and 3 Routing models (2-conceptual reservoirs in parallel, 2-conceptual reservoirs in parallel with Macro-pre Approach, 3-conceptual reservoirs in parallel) in Rainfall-Runoff Modeling Toolkit. The models are calibrated and validated in the period of 2006-2012 and 2001-2005 respectively. The model performance in Nash Surcliffe Efficiency is compared in terms of model structures and catchment groups. The results show that there is no significant relationship between catchment groups and model structures and suggest one group for Guem river region. However, PDM-SMA Models show generally good performances in calibration, validation and Number of calibrated model parameters. PDM with 2PAR model is recommended as a rainfall runoff model for Guem river region.
This study was conducted to identify the characteristics and mobility of debris flows and analyze the performance of a berm as a debris flow mitigation measure. The debris flow velocity, flow depth, Froude number, flow resistance coefficients, and mobility ratio were accordingly determined using the results of flume tests. To analyze the influence of the berm, the results for a straight channel test without a berm were compared with those for a single-berm channel test. The debris flow velocity was observed to increase with increasing channel slope and decreasing volumetric concentration of sediment, whereas the mobility ratio was observed to increase with increasing channel slope and volumetric concentration of sediment. In addition, it was confirmed that the installation of a berm significantly decreased the debris flow velocity and mobility ratio. This indicates that a berm is an effective method for reducing damage to areas downstream of a debris flow by decreasing its potential mobility. By identifying the effects of berms on debris flow characteristics according to the channel slope and volumetric concentration of sediment, this study supports the development of berms to serve as debris flow damage mitigation measures.
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