Background The diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis is difficult to set, not only for its non‐specific clinical presentation, but also for the lack of useful diagnostic tests. We comprehensively evaluate the overall diagnostic accuracy of Interferon‐gamma release assays (IGRA) upon tuberculous pericarditis by meta‐analysis. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library database from the earliest available date of indexing through April 30, 2019. The study quality was evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS2) checklist. We determined the sensitivities and specificities across studies, calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR−) and constructed summary receiver operating characteristic curves parameters. Results Across six results from five studies (415 patients), the pooled sensitivity for IGRA methods was 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.87‐0.98) with heterogeneity (χ2 = 69.9, P = .01) and a pooled specificity of 0.94 (95% CI; 0.75‐0.94) without heterogeneity (χ2 = 41.1, P = .13). Likelihood ratio (LR) syntheses gave an overall positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 16.8 (95% CI; 8.0‐35.4) and negative likelihood ratio (LR−) of 0.06 (95% CI; 0.03‐0.13). The pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 278 (95% CI; 114‐6806). Conclusions Interferon‐gamma release assays demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis. At present, the literature regarding remains the use of IGRA for diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis still limited; thus, further large multicenter studies would be necessary to substantiate the diagnostic accuracy of IGRA test for the diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis.

Adipocyte-specific transcription factors and antioxidants are considered the best target of obesity. Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus (A. dioicus, Samnamul) is easily available owing to edible and inexpensive. However, the anti-adipogenic effects of the underlying mechanism of A. dioicus extract (ADE) have not yet been reported. In the present study, we evaluate anti-adipogenic pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, antioxidant activities and quantified phenolics using high-performance liquid chromatography of ADE. The results revealed ADE had reduced adipocyte differentiation (0.72-fold vs. MDI (media of differentiation) control), triglyceride (TG; 0.50-fold vs. MDI control, p < 0.001), and total cholesterol contents (0.77-fold vs. MDI control) by regulating adipocyte-specific transcription factors (C/EBPα, PPARγ, and SREBP1) and their downstream mRNA (AdipoQ, Ap2, SREBP1-c, and FAS) levels. Furthermore, ADE has higher total phenol and flavonoid contents and scavenging assay in the DPPH and ABTS+. In particularly, ADE contains chlorogenic acid (7.04 mg/kg), caffeic acid (20.14 mg/kg), ferulic acid (1.74 mg/kg), veratric acid (29.31 mg/kg), cinnamic acid (4.70 mg/kg), and quercetin (4.18 mg/kg). In conclusion, since these phenols, especially quercetin, in the ADE appear to reduce differentiation, TG and cholesterol content by regulating adipocyte-specific transcription factors in adipocytes, ADE has the potential to be developed into a new antioxidant and anti-obesity therapeutics.