Disease-free survivors of the three major types of UCs showed generally similar HRQoL compared to the general population, as well as compared to each other.
In this study using national health insurance data, we investigated the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke among prostate cancer (PC) survivors compared with the general population, as well as the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) according to primary treatment. A total of 48,298 PC patients diagnosed from 2007 to 2013 were included and matched to non-cancer controls. Compared to the general population, PC survivors had a slightly lower risk of IHD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83-0.96) or stroke (aHR 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.95). Especially, survivors who underwent surgery had lower risks of IHD (aHR 0.70, 95% CI 0.61-0.80) or stroke (aHR 0.73, 95% CI 0.67-0.81). Compared to survivors in the active surveillance/watchful waiting group, the androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) group had a significantly greater risk of stroke (aHR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.32), but the IHD risk was not significantly elevated (aHR 1.06, 95% CI 0.88-1.29). In conclusion, PC survivors had a slightly lower risk of CVD compared to the general population, which was attributable to self-selection for PSA screening, specifically in the surgery-only group. CVD risk was dependent on treatment received, and attention should be given to patients who receive ADT. Cancer survivor is defined as any person diagnosed with cancer, from the time of diagnosis until his or her death. With improved survival and the increased number of prostate cancer (PC) survivors 1 , management of comorbidities has become increasingly important for this population 2. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is reported to be the main cause of mortality in PC survivors in the US, comprising 20% of overall mortality, and surpassing mortality from PC and second primary malignancies 3. In a Korean cohort study, CVD was responsible for 29.1% of non-PC mortality in long-term PC survivors 4. Many studies have analyzed the risk of CVD in PC patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) 5-17 , but it is not certain whether PC survivors have a greater risk of CVD compared to the general population. To date, only a few studies have compared the CVD risk between PC survivors and the general population 18-20 , but the results were inconsistent: a Swedish study suggested elevated risk 18 , a UK study reported similar risk 19 , and a US study demonstrated lower risk 20. Among these studies, only the Swedish study analyzed the CVD risk according to treatment modality (i.e., surveillance, curative treatment, endocrine therapy) 18. Thus, the risk of CVD among PC survivors who underwent different types of treatment has not been assessed definitively. In addition, there are no reports from Asian countries, where practice patterns may differ from Western countries 21. To address these limitations, we used a Korean national healthcare database to investigate the CVD risk among PC survivors compared with general population controls, as well as the risk of CVD according to primary treatment. Methods Data Source: Korean national Health insurance Service...
Purpose CD81 is a prognostic biomarker for high-grade bladder cancer (BC). In this study, we aimed to determine the functional mechanisms underlying the role of CD81 in BC progression. Materials and Methods In two invasive BC cell lines (T24, J82), CD81 expression was suppressed by the transfection of lentiviral vectors including CD81-specific shRNAs, and then the migration and invasion of BC cells was analyzed. Enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was also analyzed by collagen-zymography. The expression of MMPs was confirmed by western blotting using culture supernatants from each cell line. Signaling pathways related to MMPs were investigated using various antibodies. Results CD81 was successfully knocked down by shRNAs in T24 and J82 cell lines. While the migration of BC cells was not affected after the knockdown of CD81, the invasive activity was significantly increased in both cell lines. Zymography produced distinct bands using supernatants from CD81-knockdown cells, whereas only faint bands were observed with empty vector-transfected cells. We also observed an increased expression of MMPs, specifically MMP2 and 9, in the conditioned media from CD81-knockdown cells by western blotting. Mechanistically, the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was associated with the invasive activity of BC cells, while U0126 (an ERK inhibitor) reduced the invasive activity of CD81-knockdown BC cells. Conclusions Taken together, CD81 suppression promotes the invasive property of BC cells through MMP signaling via ERK phosphorylation. Our results suggest that the regulation of CD81 expression may have some therapeutic potential in BC.
Background Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare inflammatory disease of the bladder characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the bladder wall. Most Eosinophilic cystitis cases present with mucosal lesions of the urinary bladder. We present a very rare case of large mass-forming eosinophilic cystitis, involving the inside and outside of the bladder associated with an infected urachal cyst. Case presentation A 59-year-old man presented with gross hematuria, fever, dysuria, and suprapubic pain. Computed tomography showed a heterogeneously enhancing mass that measured 7.6 cm × 4 cm located on the anterosuperior portion of the bladder with an internal fluid collection. Cystoscopy revealed a raspberry-like mass lesion on the bladder dome. Transurethral resection of the bladder was initially performed. The mass lesion protruding from inside the bladder was removed, and pus-like fluid was drained. The pathologic diagnosis was eosinophilic cystitis. Follow-up computed tomography showed a remnant mass outside the bladder and urachal cyst. To eliminate the remnant lesion, robot-assisted partial cystectomy was performed. The patient showed no evidence of recurrent disease on follow-up cystoscopy and computed tomography for up to 2 years. Conclusions Clinicians should consider the possibility of eosinophilic cystitis in patients who present with hematuria, fever, and suprapubic pain and have both intravesical and extravesical masses.
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