We report an interesting case of maxillary sinus pneumocele that presented with aesthetic deformity and completely treated with Caldwell-Luc approach and thoroughly review all of the past literature focusing on clinical symptoms and surgical approach. Based on our comprehensive review of maxillary sinus pneumocele, we found 2 important characteristics. First, maxillary sinus pneumocele may be asymptomatic but cause various symptoms owing to the displacement of neighboring structures, such as facial symptoms, eye symptoms, and nasal obstruction. Second, there is no standard operation technique for maxillary sinus pneumocele, but surgical approach should be individualized depending on patient’s symptoms and needs. Therefore, more case studies are needed to confirm this.
In this study, an integrated framework involving state classification, preprocessing, and classification is proposed for the fault diagnosis of elevator doors using control state information. During state classification, the door state is classified as operational or non-operational; moreover, based on the state information of the control board of an elevator door, the corresponding operational conditions are classified as opening or closing states. In the preprocessing phase, data processing and interpolation and feature manipulation are performed. Data are interpolated to synchronize each measurement with respect to the reference time; then, the state information is manipulated to create distinct features. In the classification phase, the operational states are classified, and nonlinear coordinate transformation is executed to transfer several features into a new nonlinear hyperspace by using an autoencoder. Two manifold features are extracted from the latent layer of the autoencoder; these become the principal axes for state classification using a support vector machine, indicating that three states are possible: normal with and without completion of a full stroke and abnormal stroke. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by performing field measurements on a control board during the operation of an elevator. Specifically, the autoencoder in the integrated framework effectively transformed an original space into a highly nonlinear yet efficient manifold, where classification was easy for different operational states. The proposed framework can be effective for real-world detection of elevator door faults because it exclusively uses state information measured from control boards. INDEX TERMS autoencoder, elevator door, fault classification, fault diagnosis, SVM
A 65-year-old diabetic man was referred to our hospital with left facial numbness, headache, and malaise approximately 2 weeks' duration. Initially, his blood glucose level and HbA 1c level were measured at 592 mg/dL and 12.6%, respectively. With strict control of blood sugar, antibiotic therapy was started because of suspected bacterial sinusitis on initial brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). His symptoms seemed to improve, but the facial pain and headache were suddenly aggravated at 2 weeks of admission. He was consulted to our department. Endoscopic examination revealed the black eschar in the inferior turbinate (Figure 1). Rechecked MRI showed total lack of enhancement (black turbinate sign) of the inferior turbinate of left side on T1-weighted image (Figure 2). Under general anesthesia, the patient underwent endoscopic surgery with wide excision of the necrotic tissue. Histopathologic examination demonstrated angioinvasive hyphae with characteristics of mucormycosis (Figure 3). After surgery, he finished a 6-week course of amphotericin and he remained symptomfree 18 months later. Mucormycosis is an acute opportunistic, angioinvasive, and devastating fungal infection which is associated with high mortality rates. 1 There has been a significant increase in incidence over the last 2 decades. 2 Early and accurate diagnosis of invasive mucormycosis remains a challenge for physicians. However, patients with invasive mucormycosis initially present with nonspecific symptoms and signs, leading to delays in diagnosis and imaging modalities and cultures are not usually useful for diagnosis. 2-4 Mucor organisms have the propensity of angioinvasive hyphae that results in
Chondromas rarely occur in the nasal area and are usually found in the metaphyseal area of thephalanges and metacarpals of the hands, as well as the pelvis, sternum and scapula. The authorspresent an unusual case of dysphagia induced by histologically confirmed chondroma arising fromthe nasal septum. Treatment is to completely remove the mass with adequate margins of normaltissues to prevent recurrence and malignancy. Intranasal endoscopic removal of tumor with anadequate margin of normal tissue. After one year of treatment, there was no evidence of recurrence.We present a case of nasal septal chondroma in 18 year male.
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