An excess of elemental sulfur is generated annually from hydrodesulfurization in petroleum refining processes; however, it has a limited number of uses, of which one example is the production of sulfuric acid. Despite this excess, the development of synthetic and processing methods to convert elemental sulfur into useful chemical substances has not been investigated widely. Here we report a facile method (termed 'inverse vulcanization') to prepare chemically stable and processable polymeric materials through the direct copolymerization of elemental sulfur with vinylic monomers. This methodology enabled the modification of sulfur into processable copolymer forms with tunable thermomechanical properties, which leads to well-defined sulfur-rich micropatterned films created by imprint lithography. We also demonstrate that these copolymers exhibit comparable electrochemical properties to elemental sulfur and could serve as the active material in Li-S batteries, exhibiting high specific capacity (823 mA h g(-1) at 100 cycles) and enhanced capacity retention.

Our work identifies a novel role for TLR3 in PAH based on the findings that reduced expression of TLR3 contributes to endothelial apoptosis and pulmonary vascular remodeling.

The ADC of HCC acquired before CCRT correlated with PFS and was valuable in the prediction of the clinical outcome of HCC treated with CCRT.

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A 79-year-old woman presented for her general medical evaluation. Physical examination revealed increased facial hair and skin darkening (Figure A). Laboratory studies revealed alanine aminotransferase 62 U/L (7-45), aspartate aminotransferase 81 U/L (8-43), and ferritin 854 mg/L (11-307). Gross examination showed reddish brown urine (Figure B) that transitioned to black after being exposed to sunlight for 2 weeks (Figure C). HFE gene analysis identified heterozygous mutations in C282Y and H63D, the 2 most common genes implicated in hereditary hemochromatosis. Quantitative urine porphyrin analysis showed an increase of all tested porphyrins. The patient was diagnosed with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) and hereditary hemochromatosis. The patient denied a family history of either and refused further genetic work-up. Interval phlebotomy was chosen over hydroxychloroquine to simultaneously treat the patients' PCT and hemochromatosis.

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