This paper develops a new fuzzy dynamic outputfeedback control scheme for Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems with time-varying input delay and output constraints based on (Q, S, R)-α-dissipativity. The proposed controller, called a (Q, S, R)-α-dissipative output-feedback fuzzy controller, takes into consideration the abstract energy, storage function, and supply rate for the disturbance attenuation and provides a unified framework that can incorporate existing results for H∞ and passivity controllers as special cases for T-S fuzzy systems with time-varying input delay and output constraints. A dynamic parallel distributed compensator is used to design the (Q, S, R)-α-dissipative output-feedback fuzzy controller to ensure the asymptotic stability and strict (Q, S, R)-α-dissipativity of closed-loop systems described by a T-S fuzzy model that satisfies some output constraints. By employing the reciprocally convex approach, a new set of delay-dependent conditions for the desired controller is formulated in terms of the linear matrix inequality. The effectiveness and the applicability of the proposed design techniques are validated by an example of control for active suspension systems for different road conditions. Index Terms-(Q, S, R)-α-dissipativity, Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems, time-varying delay, dynamic parallel distributed compensation (DPDC), dynamic output-feedback control, active suspension system.
Urbanization has led to a reduction in green spaces and thus transformed the spatial pattern of urban land use. An increase in air temperature directly affects forest vegetation, phenology, and biodiversity in urban areas. In this paper, we analyze the changing land use patterns and urban heat distribution (UHD) in Seoul on the basis of a spatial assessment. It is necessary to monitor and assess the functions of green spaces in order to understand the changes in the green space. In addition, we estimated the influence of green space on urban temperature using Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM + + ) imagery and climatic data. Results of the assessment showed that UHD differences cause differences in temperature variation and the spatial extent of temperature reducing effects due to urban green space. The ratio of urban heat area to green space cooling area increases rapidly with increasing distance from a green space boundary. This shows that urban green space plays an important role for mitigating urban heating in central areas. This study demonstrated the importance of green space by characterizing the spatiotemporal variations in temperature associated with urban green spaces.
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