Antibiotic therapy without surgery may be a safe treatment for uncomplicated appendicitis in select patients with appendiceal diameters ≤ 10 mm.

Endometrial cancer is the second most common cancer in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). It has often been overlooked to explore the possibility of HNPCC in endometrial cancer patients. Our study was to investigate how many HNPCC patients existed among endometrial cancer patients. Among patients who underwent hysterectomy for endometrial cancer at Seoul National University Hospital from 1996 to 2004, 113 patients were included, whose family history and clinical data could be obtained and tumor specimens were available for microsatellite instability (MSI) testing and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 proteins. There were 4 (3.5%) clinical HNPCC patients fulfilling the Amsterdam criteria II, and 2 (2/ 4, 50%) of them carried MSH2 germline mutations. There were also 8 (7.1%) suspected HNPCC (s-HNPCC) patients fulfilling the revised criteria for s-HNPCC, and one (1/8, 12.5%) of them revealed MLH1 germline mutation. In 101 patients, who were not clinical HNPCC or s-HNPCC, 11 patients showed both MSI-high and loss of expression of MLH1, MSH2 or MSH6 proteins, and 2 (2/11, 18.2%) of them showed MSH6 germline mutations. In 113 patients with endometrial cancer, we could find 5 (4.4%) HNPCC patients with MMR germline mutation and 2 (1.8%) clinical HNPCC patients without identified MMR gene mutation. Family history was critical in detecting 3 HNPCC patients with MMR germline mutation, and MSI testing with IHC staining for MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 proteins was needed in the diagnosis of 2 HNPCC patients who were not clinical HNPCC or s-HNPCC, especially for MSH6 germline mutation. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: endometrial cancer; hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC); microsatellite instability (MSI); mismatch repair gene (MMR); MLH1; MSH2; MSH6The incidence of endometrial cancer has been increasing significantly among general population in Korea over the past decades. 1 According to data on cancer incidence between 1999 and 2001 from the Korea Central Cancer Registry, the crude incidence rate per year is 3.11 cases per 100,000 Korean females.2 In a total of 43,627 new cases of female cancer registered by the Korea Central Cancer Registry in 2002, 825 cases were endometrial cancers, accounting for 1.9% of all malignancies in female. 3Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by high incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), endometrial cancer and/or a variety of other cancers. 4 Defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) process is caused by germline mutations in the MMR genes, leading to the development of HNPCC. Germline mutations have been identified in five of these genes, MSH2, MLH1, PMS1, PMS2 and MSH6, and mutations in MSH2, MLH1 and MSH6 appear to account for the MMR defects seen in the majority of HNPCC families. 5Endometrial cancer is the second most common cancer found in HNPCC families. 6 The lifetime risk of endometrial cancer for women with HNPCC is reported 40-60%, which is the same or greater than that o...

Outpatient management with short-term oral antibiotic therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated right colonic diverticulitis is as effective as inpatient management in regard to preventing disease recurrence.

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Terminal ileum diverticulitis is a very rare disease that may lead to an acute abdomen mimicking appendicitis. Because of its rarity, an optimal treatment for this disease has not been established yet. In this study, we evaluated the clinical features and outcomes of nonoperative management of terminal ileum diverticulitis, including suspected perforation. From 2000 to 2007, 346 patients were treated for acute symptomatic right-sided diverticulitis. Radiographic evaluation revealed that nine patients (2.6%) had terminal ileum diverticulitis. All patients presented with pain in the right lower quadrant. The clinical features and outcomes, including recurrence, were evaluated from a collected database and by phone interview. The average age of the patients was 43.7 years. Radiographic imaging was used to diagnose diverticulitis in all patients. Two of nine patients had suspected perforated diverticulitis, and three patients had multiple diverticula. Nonoperative management was successfully carried out on these patients. The average hospital stay was 8 days and the duration of antibiotic treatment was 6.4 days. The median follow-up was 36 months, and patients showed no recurrence within this interval. Nonoperative management may be feasible to treat terminal ileum diverticulitis.

Background: The long-term effects of radical resection on quality of life may influence the treatment selection. The objective of this study was to determine whether abdominoperineal resection has a better effect on the quality of life than sphincter preservation surgery at 3 years after surgery Methods: This prospective, cohort study included patients who underwent radical resection for low rectal cancer. The primary outcomes were European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 and CR38 quality of life scores 3 years after surgery, which were compared with linear generalised estimating equations, after adjustment for baseline values, a time effect, and an interaction effect between time and treatment. The secondary outcomes included sexual-urinary functions and oncological outcomes. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01461525). Findings: Between December 2011 and August 2016, 342 patients were enrolled: 268 (78 • 4%) underwent sphincter preservation surgery and 74 (21 • 6%) underwent abdominoperineal resection. The global quality of life scores did not differ between sphincter preservation surgery and abdominoperineal resection groups (adjusted mean difference, 4 • 2 points on a 100-point scale; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1 • 3 ✩ Registry URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01461525?term=abdominoperineal+resection&cond=rectal+cancer&draw=2&rank=3 ✩✩ Study Acronym: ASPIRE, A bdominoperineal resection versus SP hincter preservation surgery I n low RE ctal cancer * Corresponding author.

Initial antibiotic management for suspected uncomplicated cecal diverticulitis showed comparable efficacy to laparoscopic treatment in the prevention of recurrence.

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