Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health burden worldwide, and thus, optimised diagnosis and treatments are imperative. E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) are a family of transcription factors consisting of eight genes, contributing to the oncogenesis and development of CRC. Importantly, E2Fs control not only the cell cycle but also apoptosis, senescence, DNA damage response, and drug resistance by interacting with multiple signaling pathways. However, the specific functions and intricate machinery of these eight E2Fs in human CRC remain unclear in many respects. Evidence on E2Fs and CRC has been scattered on the related regulatory genes, microRNAs (miRNAs), and competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). Accordingly, some drugs targeting E2Fs have been transferred from preclinical to clinical application. Herein, we have systemically reviewed the current literature on the roles of various E2Fs in CRC with the purpose of providing possible clinical implications for patient diagnosis and prognosis and future treatment strategy design, thereby furthering the understanding of the E2Fs.

Background:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is ravaging the world. To date, there are no standard therapies available to cure the disease. Consequently, research on COVID-19 vaccines is booming. This report aimed to assess the research trends of the global COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: The relevant publications on the COVID-19 vaccines were searched in the Web of Science Core Collection Database (WOSCC) database from December 2019 to 11 August 2021. The VOSviewer1.6.16 was used to assess the co-authorship, cooccurrence, citation of countries, institutions, authors, journals, and hotspot keywords. The HistCite TM (http://www.histcite.com/) software was used to calculate the total local citation score (TLCS) and total global citation score (TGCS) of each variable and generate the citation historiography graph of COVID-19 vaccine development using the citation time series analysis method. Results: A total of 5070 studies authored by 21,151 researchers and published by 1364 different journals were eventually included in this study. The bulk of the retrieved studies were original articles (n = 2401, 47.36%). Among these studies, 1204 (23.75%) were published in 2020. A total of 3863 (76.19%) were published in 2021 and 4295 (84.71%) were open access. The highest number of studies was conducted in the USA, followed by England, China, and Germany. The main partners of the USA were China, England, and

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract, with an annual incidence of 10–15 cases per million. However, rectal GIST has a low incidence, accounting for approximately 0.1% of all rectal tumors. The treatment of rectal GISTs is still controversial and the relative unified guidelines and consensus opinions are inadequate. Treatment is based primarily on the clinical experience of the physician. The widespread application of neoadjuvant imatinib therapy allows diversification of treatment, especially in the choice of surgical methods. Herein, we reviewed the most recent literature and summarized the new progress in rectal tumor treatment, with the aim of providing patients with more systematic and individualized therapeutic strategies.

PurposeInvasion of the pancreas and/or duodenum with/without neighboring organs by locally advanced right colon cancer (LARCC) is a very rare clinical phenomenon that is difficult to manage. The purpose of this review is to suggest the most reasonable surgical approach for primary right colon cancer invading neighboring organs such as the pancreas and/or duodenum.MethodsAn extensive systematic research was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) using the MeSH terms and keywords. Data were extracted from the patients who underwent en bloc resection and local resection with right hemicolectomy (RHC), the analysis was performed with the survival rate as the outcome parameters.ResultsAs a result of the analysis of 117 patient data with locally advanced colon cancer (LACC) (73 for males, 39 for females) aged 25–85 years old from 11 articles between 2008 and 2021, the survival rate of en bloc resection was 72% with invasion of the duodenum, 71.43% with invasion of the pancreas, 55.56% with simultaneous invasion of the duodenum and pancreas, and 57.9% with invasion of neighboring organs with/without invasion of duodenum and/or pancreas. These survival results were higher than with local resection of the affected organ plus RHC.ConclusionWhen the LARCC has invaded neighboring organs, particularly when duodenum or pancreas are invaded simultaneously or individually, en bloc resection is a reasonable option to increase patient survival after surgery.

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