In this study, the finite element method was used to analyze the scattering issue caused by various types of 3D structures coated with dielectrics on perfect electric conductors. To analyze the electromagnetic wave scattering problem, we implemented an in-house finite element analysis code based on the generalized Riesz principle, which is applicable to a wide range of electromagnetic boundary value problems. Through various numerical experiments, the accuracy and validity of the algorithm was verified. During this process, we identified and resolved the problems that occur when the number of elements is insufficient.
This study proposes a design of a wideband shark-fin antenna that operates in the sub-6 GHz band for 5G communication. A wideband shark-fin antenna is a multiple-input-multiple-output antenna consisting of two antenna elements. For operation in the 4G and 5G operation bands, wideband characteristics were implemented using a coupler and a half-lambda loop pattern. The manufactured wideband shark-fin antenna satisfied the condition VSWR<3.5:1 in the 4G and 5G operating bands. The average gains over the operating bandwidth were greater than −1.97 dBi, indicating that the shark-fin antenna had excellent radiation characteristics.
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