An optode system based on a plasticized polymer membrane containing cesium ion-selective fluoroionophore and lipophilic anions for the determination of cesium ions has been developed. In this work, 15-crown-5 derivative including anthracene was used as a fluoroionophore. Emission intensity of the optode membrane incorporating 15-crown-5-anthracene was measured at 500 nm with excitation at 360 nm in the presence of Tris-HCl buffer solution. Under optimum experimental condition, the relative fluorescence intensity was linear with the concentration of cesium ion in the range of 1.0 × 10(-4) M to 1.0 × 10(-1) M and the detection limit was obtained 4.2 × 10(-5) M, as defined by LOD=3 × S(b)/m (where S(b)=standard deviation of blank signal and, m=slope of the calibration curve). The effect of pH of sample solution on the fluorescent response, the selectivity, response time and reproducibility of the optode membrane were also discussed. The fluorescent optode system shows a high selectivity and sensitivity for cesium ion with respect to other cations such as K(+), Na(+) and Li(+).
A selective fluorescent cesium optode on a chromoionophore consisting of anthracene covalently linked through an imine bond to a 15-crown-5 derivative has been reported. In the present system, 15-crown-5 derivative including anthracene was used a fluoroionophore. The fluorescence response mechanism is based on the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) from the lone pair of electrons of the nitrogen to the anthracene group and inhibition of PET system by cesium binding while increasing the fluorescence intensity. Emission intensity 15-crown-5 anthracene was measured at 500 nm with absorbance at 400 nm in CH(3)CN-H(2)O (1:1) media. The method shows a very good selectivity and sensitivity for cesium with respect to other cations such as K(+), Na(+) and Li(+) with linear range and detection limit of 5.0 x 10(-5) to 5.0 x 10(-1)M and 3.0 x 10(-6)M respectively.
Used as supplemental lighting (SL) in protected flower growing systems, newly developed sulfur plasma lamps (PLS) may confer benefits in terms of growth, yield, and quality. This study compared the effects of SL with PLS versus conventional high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) on the growth characteristics, yield, and quality of cut roses cultivated in winter. Between October 10, 2016 and March 23, 2017, standard cut rose (Rosa hybrida) cultivars 'Aqua' and 'Brut' were grown under PLS and HPS with a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 120 µmol•m -2 •s-1 for 14 hours (between 17:00 and 07:00). Rose plants were cultivated in a plastic greenhouse in Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do. A control condition used HPS with PPFD at 10 µmol•m -2 •s -1 to offset the effect of the photoperiod. Cut flowers were harvested twice a week from December to March, and their growth and flowering characteristics, yield and quality of cut flowers were measured at each harvest. PLS had more blue (B) light and less red (R) light and near-infrared light than HPS; green and far-red light (FR) levels were similar. Plants under SL with PLS therefore received a higher B:R ratio and lower R:FR ratio than those under HPS. SL with PLS and HPS improved almost all of the characteristics of 'Aqua' and 'Brut' compared with the control. In particular, SL with PLS in 'Aqua' increased cut flower length, fresh and dry weights, vase life, and the number of higher grade products than SL with HPS. These differences could be associated with the relatively low R:FR ratio of PLS, which may have increased stem length and leaf area, thus increasing photosynthesis and resulting in higher yield and quality of cut flowers, as well as a shorter crop period. Likewise, the relatively high B:R ratio of PLS may have promoted gas exchange through stomatal opening and increased photosynthesis, resulting in higher yield and quality. However, the effect of light source for SL on morphological characteristics such as leaf area and stem length may be somewhat cultivar-dependent because the effect of SL with PLS in 'Brut' was smaller than that in 'Aqua'.
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