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Recently, the growth of outpatient clinic capacity has not matched the increasing demand on outpatient clinics, which has led to long waiting times for patients and overtime work for clinic staff. This has three significant negative effects on patients and staff: (1) patients' distrust of the procedures for treating outpatients increases, (2) nurses' stress from patient complaints increases, and (3) doctors' pressure to shorten treatment times while maintaining high levels of service quality increases. Presented in this paper is a simulation-based operation management method that provides the stakeholders with future visibility in outpatient departments. The future visibility is obtained from the current situation of the outpatient department using a simulation-based scheduling system and is shared by a business process management system that informs patients of their expected waiting time in order to lower the workload and pressure on clinic staff and to allow staff to manage exceptions proactively.

This paper presents a 9-bit pipelined successive-approximation-register (SAR) ADC consisting of 4-stage sub-SAR ADCs using replica-biased dynamic residue amplifiers. The replica-biased amplifier in the 1st stage keeps the output common mode constant over various input voltage conditions, which enables cascading multiple dynamic-amplifier-based pipeline stages. The replica-biased amplifiers from the 2nd to the last stage maintain the differential gain, eliminating the need for bit-weight calibrations. The 1st~3rd stages utilize a loop-unrolled SAR structure for high-speed conversion. A 9-bit 500MS/s pipelined SAR ADC is fabricated in 28nm CMOS process, and it achieves SNDR of 49.1dB and SFDR of 60.4dB at low frequency and SNDR of 45.3dB and SFDR 56.0dB at Nyquist frequency. The measured performance over wide input common-mode and temperature range validates the operation of the replicabiased dynamic amplifiers. The measured Walden figure of merit (FoMw) is 23.3fJ/conversion-step and Schreier FoM (FoMs) is 158.6dB, respectively.INDEX TERMS Analog-to-digital converter (ADC), pipelined successive approximation resister (SAR), dynamic amplifier, replica-biasing.

637We next derive the cdf of the failure time, i.e.,. From (7) and (9), we have (34) In (34), for the first expectation term, using Lemma 2 by setting , , , and then taking the expectation with respect to , we have (35) For the second expectation term, using Lemma 2 by setting , , , and taking the expectation with respect to , we have (36) This completes the proof. ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe authors sincerely thank the Editor, Associate Editor, and anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions and thorough review. Their constructive comments have considerably helped in the revision of this paper. REFERENCES[1] J. W. Sun, L. Li, and L. F. Xi, "Modified two-stage degradation model for dynamic maintenance threshold calculation considering uncertainty," A degradation path-dependent approach for remaining useful life estimation with an exact and closed-form solution," Eur. Abstract-Activity cycle diagram (ACD), which is essentially a timed Petri net, is one of the oldest formal modeling tools for discrete-event systems, and a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is a highly automated job shop that is used widely in mechanical and electronics industries. Previous FMS modeling studies have indicated that formal modeling of real-life (or industrial) FMSs with classical ACDs (or Petri nets) is almostimpossible. This paper presents an incremental modeling procedure for building a formal simulation model of a real-life FMS with parameterized ACD (P-ACD) that was proposed recently. The incremental modeling procedure consists of job flow modeling, job routing modeling, dispatching rule modeling, and refixture operation modeling. In this paper, a P-ACD model of a real-life FMS was constructed and an FMS simulator was implemented from the proposed P-ACD model. A simulation experiment was conducted in order to demonstrate the usefulness of the FMS simulator. and maaabdullah@kau.edu.sa). This paper has supplementary downloadable material at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org, provided by the author. This includes videos for the dedicated FMS simulator and its animation. Clip 1 (demonstration.avi) shows the dedicated FMS simulator can be used to represent a class of a FMS and simulate an instance of the FMS described by the input data. Clip 2 (animation.avi) shows the animation of a FMS, which was constructed using Proof Animation of Wolverine Software and uses the trace file converted from the simulation log generated by the dedicated FMS simulator. This material is 41.4 MB in size.Note to Practitioners-FMSs are used widely in discrete part manufacturing. Recently, the authors developed P-ACD with which a formal model of a real-life industrial FMS can be built. There are three key deliverables in this paper: an FMS simulator executing the P-ACD model of the FMS, P-ACD models of a real-life FMS, and an incremental modeling procedure for building a P-ACD model of the FMS. Thus, as a practitioner, you may: 1) use the FMS simulator posted in the authors' URL as a dedicated simulator for your FMS, if the configuration of your FMS is similar to tha...