vivo extracellular matrix (ECM). [2] Various advantages of the electrospun nanofiber membranes, including broad material selection, a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, controllability of physical properties (e.g., diameter and orientation of the nanofibers and porosity and thickness of the membrane), and capability in fabrication of complex nanostructures (e.g., coreshell and Janus nanofibers), [3] have made remarkable advancements in the development of in vitro tissue models and in vivo tissue regeneration. [1,2] Many studies have tried to control the spatial orientation of the electrospun nanofibers through electrospinning, given that the cellular activities, such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation, could be promoted by the contact guidance through an anisotropic topographical cue of the electrospun nanofibers. Among various approaches to control the orientation of the electrospun nanofibers, including the electric fieldassisted method, rotating drum method, and magnetic electrospinning, [4-6] the electric field-assisted method readily modulates the orientation of the electrospun nanofibers in a precise and versatile manner. Based on the electric field-assisted method, previous studies have achieved various types of membranes from a uniaxially aligned nanofiber membrane to radially, circumferentially, and biaxially aligned nanofiber membranes, [6-8] showing their potential in manipulating many cell functions, such as myogenic differentiation of myoblast, dural fibroblast migration, and tight junction formation of endothelial cells. [9-11] However, the aligned nanofiber membrane produced by the electric field-assisted method is mechanically unstable, in general, because of its thin (<30 µm thick), anisotropic, and sparsely interconnected nanofibrous structures. [12-14] Hence, the aligned nanofiber membrane is prone to be damaged by external forces occurred with the experimental and surgical manipulations and the aqueous conditions during in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications. [9,15,16] An innovative approach to overcome such limitations of the aligned nanofiber membranes is to develop an electrospun bilayer membrane, also known as a kind of Janus sheet, composed of two membranes, one aligned and the other random, which simultaneously provide the anisotropic topographical Electrospun bilayer membranes comprising two layers, one aligned and the other random, have shown great potential in tissue engineering but previous fabrication processes inevitably relied on manual integration and produced limited types of membranes. Here, a metal-electrolyte solution dual-mode electrospinning (M-ELES) for fabrication of electrospun bilayer membrane based on a metal-electrolyte solution switchable collector is developed. The switchable collector enables random nanofiber deposition directly over the preexisting aligned nanofiber layer in an in situ manner and integration of the layers through an on-demand switch from the metal to the electrolyte solution collector. The electrolyte solution can eff...
Sea-cucumber evolve to bear mutable collagenous tissue (MCT) which enables the change of its elastic modulus by a factor of 10 within a few seconds by controlling the release amount...
Heart, contrary to its small size, vigorously pumps oxygen and nutrients to our entire body indeterminably; and therefore, its dysfunction could be devastating. Until now, in applying cardiac patch for the treatment for myocardial infarction (MI), there are several major obstacles, including poor integration and low engraftment rate due to the highly-curved surface of the heart and its dynamic nature. Here, we demonstrate a novel way for a comprehensive cardiac repair achieved by the sutureless transplantation of highly integrable in vivo priming bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) sheet based on the utilization of a highly aligned thermoresponsive nanofiber membrane. Moreover, we developed a BMSC sheet specialized for vascular regeneration through ‘in-vivo priming’ using human umbilical vein endothelial cell. A prolonged secretion of multiple angiogenic cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which was observed in vitro from specialized BMSC sheet seemed to lead a significant improvement in the cardiac function, including intrinsic contractibility and remodeling. In this study, we provide a strong evidence that in vivo priming human BMSC sheet promotes therapeutic potential for cardiac repair.
In vitro artery models constructed on a membrane-based microfluidic chip, called an artery-on-a-chip, have been spotlighted as a powerful platform for studying arterial physiology. However, due to the use of a flat and porous membrane that cannot mimic the in vivo internal elastic lamina (IEL), the physiological similarity in the phenotypes and the arrangements of the endothelial cells (ECs) and aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs) has been limited in the previously developed artery-on-a-chips. Herein, we developed an innovative membrane mimicking the structures of IEL by utilizing electrospun aligned silk fibroin/polycaprolactone nanofiber membranes. An arterial IEL-mimicking (AIM) membrane was about 5 μm thick and composed of orthogonally aligned nanofibers with a diameter of around 400 nm, which were highly comparable to the IEL. Such structural similarity was found to induce the ECs and SMCs to be elongated and orthogonally aligned as in the in vivo artery. In particular, the SMCs cultured on the AIM membrane maintained a healthy state showing increased αSMA mRNA expression, which was easily lost on the conventional membrane. We constructed an AIM membrane-integrated artery-on-a-chip having an orthogonal arrangement of ECs and SMCs, which was desirable but difficult to be realized with the previous artery-on-a-chip.
In recent tracheal tissue engineering, limitations in cartilage reconstruction, caused by immature delivery of chondrocyte-laden components, have been reported beyond the complete epithelialization and integration of the tracheal substitutes with the host tissue. In an attempt to overcome such limitations, this article introduces a protective design of tissue-engineered trachea (TraCHIM) composed of a chitosan-based nanofiber membrane (CHIM) and a 3D-printed biotracheal construct. The CHIM was created from chitosan and polycaprolactone (PCL) using an electrospinning process. Upon addition of chitosan to PCL, the diameter of electrospun fibers became thinner, allowing them to be stacked more closely, thereby improving its mechanical properties. Chitosan also enhances the hydrophilicity of the membranes, preventing them from slipping and delaminating over the cell-laden bioink of the biotracheal graft, as well as protecting the construct. Two weeks after implantation in Sprague–Dawley male rats, the group with the TraCHIM exhibited a higher number of chondrocytes, with enhanced chondrogenic performance, than the control group without the membrane. This study successfully demonstrates enhanced chondrogenic performance of TraCHIM in vivo. The protective design of TraCHIM opens a new avenue in engineered tissue research, which requires faster tissue formation from 3D biodegradable materials, to achieve complete replacement of diseased tissue.
Considerable efforts have been devoted to developing wound dressings with various functions, including rapid cell proliferation, protection against infection, and wound state monitoring to minimize severe pain and the risks of wound‐caused secondary infections. However, it remains challenging to diagnose wound conditions and achieve integration of the above functions without specialized equipment and expertise in wound care. This study describes an electrospun composite micro/nanofiber‐based bilayer‐dressing patch comprising a healing‐support layer (hyaluronic acid, gelatin, and dexpanthenol) and a protective/monitoring layer (curcumin and polycaprolactone). The improved cell regeneration function and biocompatibility of the healing‐support layer enable rapid healing, as evidenced by the expedited growth of fibroblasts. The superior antimicrobial properties (against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and visible color changes within the pH range of wound lesions (pH 6–9) of the protective/monitoring layer make the dressing suitable for advanced wound care. The wounds inflicted on BALB/c mice heal rapidly (12 days) without scars while the wound state can be diagnosed by the change in color of the dressing patch. The multifunctional wound dressing patch developed in this study is expected to promote wound healing and monitor wound state; thus, facilitating convenient wound management.
Sweat pH is an important indicator for diagnosing disease state such as cystic fibrosis. However, conventional pH sensors are composed of large brittle mechanical parts and need additional instruments to...
In recent tracheal tissue engineering, limitations in cartilage reconstruction, caused by immature delivery of chondrocyte-laden components, have been reported beyond the complete epithelialization and integration of the tracheal substitutes with the host tissue. In an attempt to overcome such limitations, this article introduces a protective design of tissue-engineered trachea (TraCHIM) composed of a chitosan-based nanofiber membrane (CHIM) and a 3D-printed biotracheal construct. The CHIM was created from chitosan and polycaprolactone (PCL) using an electrospinning process. Upon addition of chitosan to PCL, the diameter of electrospun fibers became thinner, allowing them to be stacked more closely, thereby improving its mechanical properties. Chitosan also enhances the hydrophilicity of the membranes, preventing them from slipping and delaminating over the cell-laden bioink of the biotracheal graft, as well as protecting the construct. Two weeks after implantation in Sprague-Dawley male rats, the group with the TraCHIM exhibited a higher number of chondrocytes, with enhanced chondrogenic performance, than the control group without the membrane. This study successfully demonstrates enhanced chondrogenic performance of TraCHIM in vivo. The protective design of TraCHIM opens a new avenue in engineered tissue research, which requires faster tissue formation from 3D biodegradable materials, to achieve complete replacement of diseased tissue.
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