The green manure crops are returned to soil when the plants are still green. The green manure crops play a role in reducing chemical fertilizers, improvement of soil fertility, reduction of soil erosion, weed control, and landscapes effect. Typical green manure crops are barley green manure, hairy vetch, chines milk vetch and clovers. We sowed 49 species of green manure crops in upland soil to increase the usage of green manure crops. We searched the effectiveness of green manure yield, C/N ratio, soil mulching, and landscape effect. The green manure crops that have 5 ton ha -1 or more of green manure yield (fresh weight) were 6 gramineous crops, 4 leguminous crops, and 3 others. Green manures yield in a short growth period was higher in gramineous crops than leguminous crops. Among the green manure crops, 3 gramineous crops, 12 leguminous crops, and 3 others were under 25 in C/N ratio. Seven gramineous crops, 8 leguminous crops, and 5 others were over 50% of soil covering rate. Green manure crops that have beautiful flowers were in total 16 kinds, such as 4 gramineous crops, 6 leguminous crops, and 6 others. In result, based on green manure yield and C/N ratio, excellent species in the green manure crops were 4 species (triticale, 2 kinds of hairy vetch, and lupin). Green manure crops that were effective at soil mulching were 20 species, like hairy vetch, oats, sorghum, phacelia, buckwheat, etc. Buckwheat, crotalaria, mustard plant, phacelia, and etc. could be available for landscape crops.
As the area of upland crops increase, it is become more important for farmers to understand status of soil water at their own fields due to key role of proper irrigation. In order to estimate daily water balance and soil water content with simple weather data and irrigation records, we have developed the model for estimating water balance and soil water content, called AFKAE0.5, and verified its simulated results comparing with daily change of soil water content observed by soil profile moisture sensors. AFKAE0.5 has two hypothesis before establishing its system. The first is the soil in the model has 300 mm in depth with soil texture. And the second is to simplify water movement between the subjected soil and beneath soil dividing 3 categories which is defined by soil water potential. AFKAE0.5 characterized with determining the amount of upward and downward water between the subjected soil and beneath soil. As a result of simulation of AFKAE0.5 at Gongju region with red pepper cultivation in 2005, the water balance with input minus output is recorded as -88 mm. the amount of input water as precipitation, irrigation, and upward water is annually 1,043, 0, and 207 mm, on the other, output as evapotranspiration, run-off, and percolation is 831, 309, and 161 mm, respectively.
This study was tried to control the weedy rice using minimum tillage direct seeding of rice on dry paddy. Minimum tillage direct seeding on dry paddy is tilled with 4 cm in width at 27 cm intervals by 1-shaped rotary blade. Using this cultivation method can control weedy rice effectively by minimizing the soil disturbance. In this study, weedy rice was firstly emerged at April 28 in 2012. After 11 days emergence rate of weedy rice at May 9 was 61.9%. At this time rice was sown and then herbicides was treated at 10 and 15 days after sowing. When herbicides was treated at 10 days after sowing the control effect was 89-96%, and when treated at 15 days the control effect was 97-99%. However emergence of weedy rice differ according to the year and year. It was thought to be affected by April average temperature and total precipitation. So, for effective weedy rice control and stable rice yield, it was considered that irrigation at April 15-20 to induce the emergence of weedy rice is required.
In order to evaluating physiochemical properties of soil under minimum tillage and direct seeding cultivation on dry rice paddy, we conducted to analyze the soil physiochemical characteristics in treatment with 2-year minimum tillage and dry direct seeding (2MT), 3-year minimum tillage and dry direct seeding (3MT), and tillage transplanting cultivation (TT). As results of analyzing soil organic matter (OM) contents with 2 cm soil depth of interval from surface to 30 cm, OM contents with surface soil from 0 to 2MT and 3MT were higher than TT, recorded 34.6, 28.1 and 19.8 g kg -1 , respectively. But until 20cm in soil depth, it was not so large on the deviation of OM contents among the 3 treatments comparing with 2cm surface. Beneath 20 cm in soil depths, 2-and 3-year, OM contents in TT were distributed to be lower than 2MT and 3MT. The contents of total nitrogen in 2MT and 3MT were higher than the content in TT across the soil profile. Consequently, though minimum tillage and direct seeding farming is obviously the practice to saving of machinery work and labor, other practices such as continuously input OM should be needed to achieve carbon sequestration goal through minimum tillage and direct seeding on dry paddy.Key words: Minimum tillage, Direct seeding on dry paddy, Low carbon farming 2MT: 2-year minimum tillage and dry direct seeding, 3MT: 3-year minimum tillage and dry direct seeding, TT: tillage transplanting cultivation Materials and Methods 조사된 벼 최소경운 건답직파 포장은 경기도 수원
In agricultural land, organic matter plays an important role in crop productivity by improving the physical properties of soil and supplying nutrients to plants. In this study, field experiment was carried out to assess the effect of three organic amendments, [HV(Hairy vetch), OCC(Oil Cake Compost), LMC(Livestock Manure Compost)] on paddy rice growth and soil carbon fractions. According to a survey of early rice growth after using organic amendments, there were 34.6 -37.9 cm in plant height and 11.3 -14.9 in number of panicles per plant, which was not different between the types of organic amendment and control rice growth and yield at the harvest were better in organically amended-plot that in the control. Based on growth parameters as affected by organic amendments, rice growth was better in the order of OCC > HV > LMC > Control. The number of panicle per m 2 was 591, which was 1.5 -1.7 times higher than that of other organic amendment, and about twice as high as that of the control. However, the percentage of ripened grain (76.5%) and the 1000-grain weight of brown rice (21.0 g) were lower than other organic amendment application. Rice yield was much better in oil cake compost (5.9 ton ha -1 ) than in other organic amendment treatments. Soil carbon content increased in all organic amendment application after the test. T-C content was high in OCC and lower in HV and LMC. The carbon content of each type was the largest with the Humin carbon content and the similar amount of humic acid carbon and fulvic acid carbon content. The proportion of soil carbon fraction was about about 59 -67% of humin carbon, 13 -23% of fulvic acid carbon content and 19 -26% of humic acid carbon. In conclusion, in view of rice yield and soil carbon, it is suggested that organic amendment can be advantageous to paddy soil and oil cake compost was considered potential resources as alternative chemical fertilizer.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.