Obesity is associated with the risk of developing several severe diseases, such as metabolic disorder, diabetes, and heart diseases. Despite wide investigation and trials, a noninvasive obesity therapy is still an important medical unmet need, targeting the abnormal adipose tissue. Here, we developed hyaluronate–hollow gold nanosphere–adipocyte-targeting peptide (HA–HAuNS–ATP) conjugates for the photothermal ablation of adipose tissues. The HA–HAuNS–ATP conjugate could be noninvasively delivered into the skin and effectively target to adipocytes in the subcutaneous. With near-infrared laser illumination, HA–HAuNS–ATP conjugate enabled highly effective photothermal ablation of adipose tissues in C57BL/6 obesity mice. The photoacoustic imaging confirmed the successful transdermal delivery and the photothermal lipolysis of HA–HAuNS–ATP conjugate. Taken together, the transdermal HA–HAuNS–ATP conjugate might have a great potential for noninvasive photothermal lipolysis.