Among the many functions of dual-energy computed tomography (CT), virtual monochromatic images provide various diagnostic values compared to conventional iterative reconstruction images, such as increasing visualization of intravascular iodine or reducing beam hardening artifact according to monochromatic image level. The optimal monochromatic image level for diagnosis differs for each applied anatomical site, In the neck CT protocol, we intend to find the optimal level of virtual monochromatic images for diagnosis through quantitative methods. We retrospectively studied 33 patients performed on dual layer detector type IQon Spectral CT (Philips, Amsterdam, Netherlands). The evaluation site was designated as the common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, sternocleidomastoid muscle, submandibular glands, and thyroid glands. As an indicator of image evaluation, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) formula set against the background of sternocleido-mastoid muscle and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was used. The IMR and iDose iterative reconstruction images and the monochromatic Images 40 keV to 100 keV with the images at intervals of 10 keV were compared. After the normality test of the data was performed to check whether there was a significant difference in the mean of the comparative images, the Friedman test, a nonparametric response sample test, was performed, and all data were significantly different from each other. As a result of the experiment, SNR and CNR were measured the highest in the monochromatic 40 keV image of all evaluation sites except the sternocleido-mastoid muscle. Monochromatic 40 keV image is expected to help diagnose by providing better image quality and higher contrast in quantitative terms than the iterative reconstruction images used in existing clinical trials, and provides the possibility of reducing the amount of contrast medium used in the study.
-We have performed a program simulation for design and development of highly efficient organic solar cells. We have simulated a model cell structure of ITO (indium-tin-oxide) anode/CuPc (copper phthalocyanine)/C 60 (fullerene)/BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4.7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)/Al (aluminum) cathode. As a result, obtained short-circuit current density (
The usefulness of intake water as an oral contrast medium and MonoE(Virtual Monoenergetic Images) 50 keV of DECT(Dual Energy Computed Tomography) was evaluated in Liver CT. In order to compare water intake image and non-water intake image and MonoE 50 keV image of non-water intake data were obtained from 50 patients who underwent liver follow-up CT at our hospital from January 1, 2021 to June 31, 2022 at our hospital, using IQon Spectral CT (Philips Healthcare, Netherlands). In the same patient, compared to non-water intake image, both Water intake image and MonoE 50 keV image of non-water intake showed an increase in the average values of HU of portal vein, liver parenchyma, SNR, CNR. As a result of quantitative analysis using the paired-sample t-test of SPSS (Statistical Package For Social Science, IBM, US), showed a statistically significant increase in portal vein, liver parenchyma, SNR, CNR in all phases except for the liver parenchyma of Artery Phase. In particular, in the case of MonoE 50 keV, it was confirmed that SNR and CNR increased significantly. Both water intake as an oral contrast and MonoE 50 keV of DECT showed significant increases in SNR and CNR compared to when non-water intake. If MonoE 50 keV using DECT is applied to patients who are restricted water intake and difficult to intake due to poor general conditions, it is believed that the safety and convenience of patients will be increased, and the satisfaction of CT will be improved.
This study examined the electrical and optical properties of red OLEDs (organic lightemitting diodes) with a four-layer structure, ITO/amorphous fluoropolymer (AF)/N,N -diphenyl-N,N -bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1-biphenyl-4,4 -diamine (TPD)/R-H:R-D/lithium fluoride (LiF)/Al, containing a hole injection material, AF (amorphous fluoropolymer) and an electron injection material, LiF. Compared to the basic structure (two-layer structure), the brightness and luminous efficiency of the four-layer structure, ITO/TPD/R-H:R-D/Al, increased approximately 100 times (30,000 lm/m 2 ) and 150 times (51 lm/W), respectively, with an applied voltage. The excellent efficiency of the external proton was also increased 150 times (0.51%). That is, the hole and electron injection layers improved the surface roughness of ITO and Al, and the interfacial physical properties. In addition, these layers allowed the smooth injection of holes and electrons. The luminance, luminous efficiency and external quantum efficiency were attributed to an increase in the recombination rates.
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