Aims/Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of vision and hearing impairments on the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes using a nationwide longitudinal cohort. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 771,128 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent the National Health Screening Program in 2009. We carried out Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and mortality in those with or without vision and hearing impairments. Subgroup analyses of patients stratified by age, sex and diabetic retinopathy were carried out. Results: Diabetes patients with either vision or hearing impairment showed higher risk of MI, stroke or death compared with those without. Among the combinations of impairments, patients with both vision and hearing impairments had the highest risk for MI (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.362, 95% confidence interval [
PURPOSE. To analyze the differences in the vitreous cytokine profiles in epiretinal membrane eyes with and without an ectopic inner foveal layer (EIFL). METHODS. Sixty eyes with epiretinal membrane (32 eyes without EIFL and 28 eyes with EIFL) were included. The vitreous samples were collected during surgery for epiretinal membrane. The cytokine levels of the vitreous were measured using a multiplex bead analysis. RESULTS. The mean logMAR visual acuity was worse (0.42 vs. 0.37; P = 0.331) and the central foveal thickness was higher in the EIFL group (496.9 μm vs. 434.2 μm; P = 0.007) than they were in the group without EIFL. The mean EIFL thickness was 164.1 ± 67.7 μm in the EIFL group. On multiplex analysis of the vitreous cytokines, the levels of CD163 (21529 pg/dL vs. 10877 pg/dL; P = 0.002) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (206 pg/dL vs. 159 pg/dL, P = 0.004) were significantly higher in the EIFL group than they were in the group without EIFL. CONCLUSIONS. Eyes with EIFL had increased vitreous levels of M2 macrophage markers. The activation of glial cell proliferation by M2 macrophages may contribute to EIFL formation.
PurposePrevious studies have reported the association of the S1 RNA binding domain 1 (SRBD1) gene with open‐angle glaucoma in various ethnic populations. However, in those studies, the definition of the patients differed, as did the results. Therefore, the relevance of the SRBD1 gene to normal tension glaucoma (NTG) appears uncertain at present. Thus, we investigated the relationship between the SRBD1 gene and NTG in a Korean NTG cohort.MethodsIn total, 159 unrelated Korean patients with NTG and 103 Korean control subjects were recruited. Thus, a total of 262 participants were analyzed for SRBD1 (rs3213787 and rs11884064) gene polymorphisms.ResultsThe minor allele frequency (MAF) of rs3213787 was found to be 0.13 and 0.19 in NTG cases and controls, respectively. The genetic association analysis of SNP rs3213787 revealed no significant difference in genotype distribution between NTG cases and controls in allelic (odds ratio [OR] = 0.634, p = 0.063), dominant (OR = 0.589, p = 0.066) or recessive models (OR = 0.639, p = 0.7716). The MAF of rs11884064 was found to be 0.24 and 0.25 in NTG cases and controls, respectively. For rs11884064, no significant difference in genotype distribution was observed between NTG cases and controls in allelic (OR = 0.938, p = 0.755), dominant (OR = 0.927, p = 0.798) or recessive models (OR = 0.920, p = 1.000).ConclusionsThe current study suggested that SRBD1 gene polymorphisms (rs3213787 and rs11884064) may not be associated with genetic susceptibility to NTG in a Korean cohort.References1. Writing Committee for the Normal Tension Glaucoma Genetic Study Group of Japan Glaucoma S, Meguro A, Inoko H, et al. Genome‐wide association study of normal tension glaucoma: common variants in SRBD1 and ELOVL5 contribute to disease susceptibility. Ophthalmology 2010;117:1331–8 e5.2. Gibson J, Griffiths H, De Salvo G, et al. Genome‐wide association study of primary open angle glaucoma risk and quantitative traits. Mol Vis 2012;18:1083–92.3. Cao D, Jiao X, Liu X, et al. CDKN2B polymorphism is associated with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) in the Afro‐Caribbean population of Barbados, West Indies. PLoS One 2012;7:e39278.
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