Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire-Parent Form (K-FAQLQ-PF) and to identify clinical characteristics related to low quality of life (QoL) in Korean children with food allergy (FA). Methods Parents of 0–12-year-old patients with FA were enrolled. The English version of FAQLQ-PF was translated into Korean. Construct validation was confirmed by the Food Allergy Independent Measure-Parent Form (FAIM-PF) and the Child Health Questionnaire Parent Form 28 (CHQ-PF28). Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate associations between potential risk factors and QoL outcomes. Results A total of 182 patients with a median age of 5.0 years were enrolled in the study. Cronbach’s α coefficient values indicating internal consistency were higher than 0.8. Intraclass correlation coefficient values for test-retest reliability were good for all age groups ( r > 0.6). Total K-FAQLQ-PF scores were positively correlated with the FAIM-PF ( r = 0.56, P < 0.05) and were negatively correlated with the parental impact-emotional domain in the CHQ-PF28 ( r = −0.44, P < 0.05). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, low QoL was significantly associated with female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–4.18), age ≥ 5 years (aOR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.31–6.16), FA diagnosis before the age of 3 years (aOR, 3.96; 95% CI, 1.13–13.93), the presence of atopic dermatitis (aOR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.07–4.57), and residence in non-metropolitan areas (aOR, 3.44; 95% CI, 1.73–6.85). Conclusions According to parental perceptions, the K-FAQLQ-PF is a valid and reliable tool to assess psychosocial QoL in Korean children with FAs. Age, sex, residential area, and comorbid AD can affect the QoL of pediatric patients with FA.
PurposeBell’s palsy is characterized by sudden onset of unilateral facial weakness. The use of corticosteroids for childhood Bell’s palsy is controversial. This study aimed to identify clinical characteristics, etiology, and laboratory findings in childhood Bell’s palsy, and to evaluate the efficacy of corticosteroid treatment.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of children under 19 years of age treated for Bell’s palsy between January 2009 and June 2017, and followed up for over 1 month. Clinical characteristics, neuroimaging data, laboratory findings, treatments, and outcomes were reviewed. Patients with Bell’s palsy were divided into groups with (group 1) and without (group 2) corticosteroid treatment. Differences in onset age, sex, laterality, infection and vaccination history, degree of facial nerve palsy, and prognosis after treatment between the groups were analyzed.ResultsOne hundred patients were included. Mean age at presentation was 7.4±5.62 years. A total of 73 patients (73%) received corticosteroids with or without intravenous antiviral agents, and 27 (27%) received only supportive treatment. There was no significant difference in the severity, laboratory findings, or neuroimaging findings between the groups. Significant improvement was observed in 68 (93.2%) and 26 patients (96.3%) in groups 1 and 2, respectively; this rate was not significantly different between the groups (P=0.48).ConclusionChildhood Bell’s palsy showed good prognosis with or without corticosteroid treatment; there was no difference in prognosis between treated and untreated groups. Steroid therapy in childhood Bell’s palsy may not significantly improve outcomes.
Background and Objectives: Chromosomal microarray (CMA) is a first-tier genetic test for children with developmental delay (DD), intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and multiple congenital anomalies (MCA). In this study, we report our experiences with the use of CMA in Korean children with unexplained DD/ID.Methods: We performed CMA in a cohort of 308 children with DD/ID between January 2010 and September 2020. We also retrospectively reviewed their medical records. The Affymetrix CytoScan 750 K array with an average resolution of 100 kb was used to perform CMA.Results: Comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders were ASD (37 patients; 12.0%), epilepsy (34 patients; 11.0%), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (12 patients; 3.9%). The diagnostic yield was 18.5%. Among the 221 copy number variants (CNVs) identified, 70 CNVs (57 patients; 18.5%) were pathogenic. Deletion CNVs were more common among pathogenic CNVs (PCNVs) than in non-PCNVs (P < 0.001). The size difference between PCNVs and non-PCNVs was not significant (P = 0.023). The number of included genes within CNV intervals was significantly higher in PCNVs (average 8.6; 0–347) than in non-PCNVs (average 47.5; 1–386) (P < 0.001). Short stature and hearing difficulty were also more common in the PCNV group than in the non-PCNV group (P = 0.010 and 0.070, respectively).Conclusion: This study provides additional evidence for the usefulness of CMA in genetic testing of children with DD/ID in Korea. The pathogenicity of CNVs correlated with the number of included genes within the CNV interval and deletion type of the CNVs, but not with CNV size.
Background Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe adverse cutaneous reactions, most commonly triggered by medications, characterized by extensive necrosis and detachment of the epidermis. Objective We investigated the differences in clinical characteristics of drug-induced SJS/TEN depending on the type of drug in a single center. Methods The relevance of sex, age, culprit drugs, clinical features, courses, treatment options, and follow-up results were retrospectively evaluated in patients diagnosed with drug-induced SJS/TEN at Pusan National University Hospital between 2008 and 2019. Results Ninety-two patients with a mean age of 58.7 ± 20.2 years (range, 10–93 years) were included in the study. Those aged 60–80 years accounted for the largest number of patients (42.4%). Patients with drug-induced SJS/TEN comprised 40 women (43.5%) and 52 men (56.5%). We categorized drug-induced SJS/TEN cases by culprit drugs into 6 groups: antibiotics, allopurinol, antiepileptic (AED), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, and other drugs. The rate of NSAID-induced disease significantly increased from SJS to TEN ( p = 0.016). Among the patients in the NSAID group, the proportion of TEN (40%) was higher than that in the other groups ( p = 0.021). The mean body surface area was significantly lower in the AED group than in the non-AED groups (7.1 ± 9.8 vs. 23.1 ± 27.3, p = 0.020) and higher in the NSAID group than in the non-NSAID groups (47.5 ± 39.5 vs. 15.7 ± 20.0, p = 0.010). Conclusion This study showed that the clinical characteristics of each causative drug group may be different in drug-induced SJS/TEN. Our findings may help clinicians better understand drug-induced SJS/TEN.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine whether gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist treatment is effective in preserving final height in patients with central precocious puberty (CPP) or early puberty (EP).Methods: The medical records of 40 patients with CPP and 206 patients with EP who completed GnRH agonist treatment following diagnosis were analyzed retrospectively. Height and height standard deviation (height SDS) scores based on bone age (BA) were measured and calculated at baseline, after treatment completion, and at final follow-up to compare changes within and between groups. Predicted adult height (PAH) was estimated by the height corresponding to height SDS for BA in girls at 18 years 11 months of age based on the growth chart.Results: PAH at baseline did not differ significantly between the CPP group (153.67±4.95) and the EP group (154.77±3.72). In the CPP group, PAH significantly increased at treatment completion (156.01±4.61) and at final follow-up (158.52±6.04) compared to baseline. In the EP group, PAH significantly increased at treatment completion (157.7±3.60) and at final follow-up (159.31±4.26) compared to baseline. The increase in PAH at all timepoints compared to baseline did not significantly differ between the CPP and EP groups.Conclusion: Both CPP and EP groups had significantly greater PAH after treatment, with no difference in the amount of increase between groups. These results show that GnRH agonist treatment can help increase final height even in patients diagnosed with EP after the age of 8 years.
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