The immunomodulative effects of elm bark extract were studied in vitro by the proliferation of splenocytes and the production capacity of three kinds of cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha] by mouse peritoneal macrophages cultured with various fractions (methanol, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water) of elm bark extract. Splenocyte proliferation and cell viability of peritoneal macrophages were increased with concentrations of polar fractions, such as butanol and water, in the range of 1-500 microg/mL. Significantly higher levels of the production of all three cytokines were detected with supplementation of methanol extract compared with other fractions. In order to elucidate its effect in vivo, elm bark water extract was orally administrated every other day for 2 weeks. Proliferation of splenocytes and the production capacity of cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) by mouse peritoneal macrophages were used as indices for immune activity. Splenocyte proliferation induced by elm bark with lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A stimulation was enhanced at 500 mg/kg of body weight concentrations compared to that of the control group. In the case of cytokines, the highest production of IL-6 and TNF was detected at 500 mg/kg of body weight concentrations. In conclusion, this study suggests through in vitro and in vivo experiments that Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (elm bark) extracts may enhance the immunocompetent properties such as splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production capacity by activated macrophages and have a protective effect in mice.
Corn has been used for a long time as a traditional remedy, as well as a food source. We previously reported that in vitro supplementation of corn water extracts enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes, compared to the control group. In this study, we examined the immunomodulative effect of a water extract of corn. Seven to eight weeks old mice(Balb/c) were fed an ad libitum chow diet, and were orally administrated a water extract of corn every other day, for four weeks, at two different concentrations(50 and 500 ㎎/㎏ B.W). Cytokine production(IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ) by macrophages stimulated with LPS or not stimulated with LPS was detected by ELISA assay using the cytokine kit. In an ex vivo study, the cytokines IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ were detected at 500 ㎎/㎏ b.w. supplementation group with LPS stimulation in all cases. Also, the ratio of IFN-γ to IL-10 was in the range of 0~3 with mitogen stimulation, such as con A and LPS. In conclusion, this study suggests that in mice, corn extracts may enhance immune function by regulating the cytokine production(IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ) of the activated macrophages.
Platycodon grandiflorum have been used as a traditional remedy and food source. This study was performed to investigate the immunomodulating effects of Platycodon grandiflorum in mouse, using ex vivo experiments. Six to seven-week old mice were fed ad libitum on a chow diet, and water extract of Platycodon grandiflorum was orally administrated at two different concentractions (50 and 500 ㎎/㎏ B.W./day) every other day for four weeks. In ex vivo experiments, the highest proliferation of splenocytes and levels of cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) production were observed in 500 ㎎/㎏ BW/day supplementation group for all three cytokines stimulated by LPS. In conclusion, this study suggests that Platycodon grandiflorum extracts may enhance the immune function by regulating the splenocytes proliferation and cytokine production capacity by activating macrophages in mice.
The purpose of this study was to analyze information about food and nutrition topics presented throughout the television broadcast media, thereby find out the optimal communication method to give desirable information to the general public. To perform this study were recruited and trained by monitoring education before and during the study. 3 domestic TV channels were selected to be monitored, for 3 months. Results of this study were as follows: First, the total reporting cases of information about foods and nutrition were 154, When each monitored contents was seen from the domain of programs, 128 cases(83.1%) were from current affairs and information program, and 26(16.9%) were from entertainment program. Second, according to survey by channel cases are 26(16.9%) from KBS, 54 cases(35.1%) from MBC, 74 cases(48.1%) from SBS, which means SBS reported the most about nutritional foods. Third, the frequency of reporting information on the overall diet and food & ingredient, cuisine & cookey, health & diet therapy and obesity & diet in order. Forth, among the 26 cases of positive or negative implications made by each cannel of KBS, 18 cases were delivered in positive ways, 7 cases had positive and negative point of views mix together, and 1 cases was negatively delivered. Finally, the most important thing is to organiae the advisory team by connecting mass media and specialist, and the educational program of nutrition should be developed for the communication of right information about foods and nutrition.
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