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Locomotor imagery training can be considered as a useful option for restoration of ambulation for individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke who are unable to participate in physical gait training.

Context:To improve trunk stability or trunk muscle strength, many athletic trainers and physiotherapists use various types of unstable equipment for training. The round foam roll is one of those unstable pieces of equipment and may be useful for improving trunk stability.Objective: To assess the effect of the supporting surface (floor versus round foam roll) on the activity of abdominal muscles during a single-legged hold exercise performed in the hook-lying position on the floor and on a round foam roll.Design: Crossover study. Setting: University research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants:Nineteen healthy volunteers (11 men, 8 women) from a university population. Intervention(s):The participants were instructed to perform a single-legged hold exercise while in the hook-lying position on the floor (stable surface) and on a round foam roll (unstable surface). Main Outcome Measure(s):Surface electromyography (EMG) signals were recorded from the bilateral rectus abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique muscles. Dependent variables were examined with a paired t test.Results: The EMG activities in all abdominal muscles were greater during the single-legged hold exercise performed on the round foam roll than on the stable surface.Conclusions: The single-legged hold exercise in the hooklying position on an unstable supporting surface induced greater abdominal muscle EMG amplitude than the same exercise performed on a stable supporting surface. These results suggest that performing the single-legged hold exercise while in the hook-lying position on a round foam roll is useful for activating the abdominal muscles.Key Words: trunk stability, low back pain, electromyography, injury prevention Key Points• The unilateral single-legged hold exercise performed on a round foam roll resulted in greater abdominal muscle activation than did the same exercise performed on a stable surface.• During this exercise on a round foam roll, activation of the transversus abdominis/internal oblique muscles was greater on the contralateral side, but activation of the rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles was greater on the ipsilateral side.

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DNS is a promising, effective intervention for facilitating deep core muscle activation of the underactive muscle chain comprising the diaphragm, internal oblique, and transversus abdominals, thereby improving age-appropriate standing, walking, and jumping in participants with spastic diplegic CP.