Objectives: We aimed to compare the differences in caries lesion changes when measured by QLF-D as fluorescence loss and by SS-OCT as lesion depth with respect to demineralized time, during formation of artificial early caries lesion. We also demonstrated that QLF-D and SS-OCT can be used effectively in monitoring the longitudinal progression of simulated caries lesions. Methods: Ten bovine incisors were sectioned (5×4 mm) and embedded in epoxy resin. An acidresistant nail varnish was applied to a part of the tooth surfaces to protect sound enamel (2×4 mm). To generate lesions, each specimen was immersed in 40 ml of a demineralizing gel for 20 days at 37 o C. To measure mineral loss of the demineralized specimens, fluorescence loss (∆F, %) was measured by QLF-D and lesion depth (μm) was determined by SS-OCT from the captured cross-sectional image. All the specimens were analyzed daily by QLF-D image analysis software and SS-OCT image analysis program for 20 days. The repeated measures analysis of ∆F and lesion depth was used. The paired t-test was used to assess differences between each day. The correlation between ∆F and lesion depth was determined using the Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: On the 5th, 10th, and 15th day, compared to baseline values, ∆F decreased in 12.7%, 25.0%, and 33.6% of the specimens, respectively, and the lesion depth increased in 9.9%, 16.0%, and 22.6% of the specimens, respectively. However, after 15 days, there was no change in the ∆F and lesion depth. High significant correlation was identified between the resultant values of ∆F obtained by QLF-D and those of lesion depth obtained by SS-OCT (r = -0.811, P<0.0001). Conclusions: The QLF-D and SS-OCT could detect subtle changes in mineral loss and lesion depth with respect to demineralized time. Furthermore, these devices were useful for monitoring changes in mineral amount and lesion depth.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of NiTi ultrasonic tips for Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm removal in simulated complex root canals. Sixty root canal models consisting of a 30-degree curved main canal and two lateral canals were constructed from polydimethylsiloxane and incubated with E. faecalis. Irrigants in root canals were activated using a manual syringe (SI), a stainless steel (SS) instrument, a nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) ultrasonic instrument, or a sonic instrument (EA). Instruments of SI, SS, and NiTi-9 groups were placed 9 mm from the apex, whereas those in NiTi-2 and EA groups were placed 2 mm from the apex. The efficacy of each method was determined as the ratio of fluorescence concentration before and after activation. In the apical curved canal, the highest efficacy was found in the NiTi-2 group (99.40%), followed by SI (84.25%), EA (80.38%), SS (76.93%), and NiTi-9 (67.29%) groups. In lateral canals 1 and 2, the efficacy was the highest in the NiTi-2 group and the lowest in the SI group. The NiTi ultrasonic instrument could effectively remove biofilms in the curved canal and lateral canals. This instrument should be introduced close to the working length. An up-and-down motion of the activation instrument is recommended.
The aim of this study was to identify the status of education and knowledge concerning oral diseases for oral care as they relate to intensive care unit (ICU) nurses, as well as to investigate the perception of oral care education and practice, as led by dental experts. This study conducted a self-report survey consisting of 33 questions on education and knowledge about oral diseases, as well as perception of dental expert-led education and practice, targeting 240 nurses in the ICU. Finally, 227 questionnaires were analyzed, and 75.3% of the participants were staff nurses, and 41.4% were in the medical ICU. In the area of education and knowledge of major oral diseases, more than 50% of the respondents treating gingivitis, periodontitis, and dental caries did not complete dental education, and it was found that more than half of the respondents were unable to distinguish diseases of the mouth. It was recognized that more than half of nurses required dental expert-led education and practice. In this study, the education and knowledge of oral diseases of ICU nurses were found to be insufficient, and the need for the cooperation of dental experts was high. Therefore, collaboration to improve oral care practical guidelines for realistically applicable ICU patients will be needed.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Q-ray view, a novel optical device on reliability of assessing a tooth status by dental hygiene students in the training for dental hygiene process. Twenty patients were enrolled in this study. Oral examinations were conducted by both seventeen third-year dental hygiene students and a trained faculty member. Traditional visual inspection was performed in phase I and then re-examined with Q-ray view in phase II. Restoration codes and lesion codes for each tooth were recorded separately according to the predefined criteria. As a measure of reliability, percent agreement and Cohenʼs kappa were determined. Agreements for each intraoral regions and types of lesion and restoration were calculated. Paired t-test and Pearson chi-square test for two proportions were used to compare mean Cohenʼs kappa and percent agreement at each phase. For the lesion code, mean kappa values of phase II for intraoral regions were significantly greater than that of phase I (p=0.017). For the both of the lesion code and restoration code, percent agreements of phase II for each types of lesion and restoration were significantly greater than that of phase II (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Especially difference of percent agreements between phase I and II for incipient caries, caries and fracture were significant for the lesion code (p=0.046, p<0.001, and p=0.029, respectively) and for not restored or sealed, tooth-colored restoration were significant for the restoration code (p<0.001 and p=0.011, respectively). The reliability of assessing a tooth status was improved when the Q-ray view used in dental hygiene student with beginner level of expertise. Q-ray view can be a promising device for conducting and educating the dental hygiene process better.
Background: Temporary crown resins are used prior to prosthesis placement, indicating the importance of aesthetics. The aim of this study was evaluate the color stability of various staining solutions according to the color of temporary crown resins using VITA Easyshade Ⓡ V. Methods: The temporary crowns used were the powder-liquid type and included four shades. A total of 36 specimens were fabricated in the form of disks with a diameter of 1.8 mm and a depth of 2 mm. They were divided into four groups of nine each, and staining was performed for seven days by precipitation in 3 mL of three staining solutions composed of distilled water, black coffee, and red wine. Color and color stability evaluations were performed by a trained examiner using a digital spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade Ⓡ V). Color stability was analyzed using the ΔE value.Results: Because of the color stability evaluation using the ΔE value, the difference between three and seven days was significant in the specimen I and III groups (p<0.05). Further, post hoc analysis showed that the ΔE value of red wine was significant, indicating that the color stability in red wine was low. The ΔE values in group II between days three and seven were statistically significant (p<0.05). Post hoc analysis showed that distilled water, coffee, and wine had the highest ΔE values on day three. On day seven, the ΔE value for wine was significant, and the color stability was low. There was no significant difference in group IV according to the staining period and staining solution; therefore, color stability was high (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that most temporary resin restorations exhibited color stability in the staining solution. The darker the color of the temporary resin restoration, the higher the color stability against extrinsic staining.
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