The enzyme nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NaMN AT; EC 2.7.7.18) is essential for the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and is a potential target for antibiotics. It catalyzes the transfer of an adenyl group from ATP to nicotinic acid mononucleotide to form nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide. NaMN AT from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and crystallized at 291 K using 100 mM bis-Tris propane pH 7.0, 700 mM trisodium citrate and 15%(v/v) glycerol. X-ray diffraction data have been collected to 1.70 A. The crystals are tetragonal, belonging to space group P4(1)22 (or P4(3)22), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 65.02, c = 109.80 A. The presence of one monomer in the asymmetric unit gives a reasonable V(M) of 2.15 A(3) Da(-1), with a solvent content of 42.7%.
ObjectivesZZThe slow cortical potential (SCP) training is one of the methods of neurofeedback which is considered as an adjunctive treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the SCP training in children with ADHD.MethodsZZSubjects were consisted of 12 children aged between 7 and 13 years and all of the subjects have completed neuropsychological tests to assess their cognitive and executive functioning, before and after their neurofeedback training. Their parents have completed the Korean-ADHD Rating Scale (ARS). Each subject was given 30 sessions of SCP training.ResultsZZThe inattention scores and total ARS scores of the subjects have decreased (Z=-2.54, p<0.05, Z=-2.26, p<0.05, respectively) after training, but the hyperactivity/impulsivity scores did not show significant improvement. The commission error scores for both the visual and auditory ADHD diagnostic system (ADS) showed a trend toward improvement after training (p=0.053, p= 0.092, respectively). The larger improvement of positive task of feedback trial, which is one of the methods of SCP training, was associated with the larger reduction of ARS total scores (p<0.05) and the larger improvement of negative task of transfer trial was associated with a larger reduction of omission error scores of auditory ADS (p<0.05).ConclusionZZThis study suggests that the SCP neurofeedback program may improve ADHD symptoms and assumes that SCP training is a viable treatment option for ADHD treatment.J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2012;51:326-334 KEY WORDSZZNeurofeedback · Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) · Slow cortical potentials.
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