Objectives: SS-cream is a topical agent made from the extracts of natural products for treating premature ejaculation (PE). To determine the optimal clinical dosage of SS-cream on PE, we investigated the safety and ef®cacy of SS-cream with various doses. A double blind, randomized placebo controlled clinical study was performed. Methods: Fifty patients completed the study. Mean age of the patients was 37.1 AE 1.0 y and mean ejaculatory latency was 1.35 AE 0.07 min. Sexual satisfaction rate of both the partner and patient was 16.2%. Each patient was instructed to apply the different cream (placebo, SS-cream 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 g) on glans penis 1 h before sexual intercourse in random fashion. The ejaculatory latency was measured by stop watch and the satisfaction rate of both partner and patient was also recorded two times in the screening period and after the application of each test drugs. Clinical ef®cacy was considered if ejaculatory latency was prolonged more than 2 min and sexual satisfaction rate increased more than 20% than that of pretest values. Results: The mean ejaculatory latencies were signi®cantly prolonged after using various test drugs (placebo 2.27 AE 0.32, SS-cream 0.05 g 4.47 AE 0.81, 0.10 g 5.34 AE 0.79, 0.15 g 6.22 AE 0.87, 0.20 g 11.06 AE 1.17 min, respectively). Clinical ef®cacies evaluated by ejaculatory latency were placebo 18%, SS-cream 0.05 g 30%, 0.10 g 60%, 0.15 g 54%, 0.20 g 84%, respectively. The satisfaction rate was also signi®cantly increased dose-dependently (placebo 26%, SS-cream 0.05 g 60%, 0.10 g 70%, 0.15 g 78%, 0.20 g 90%, respectively). A side effect such as local mild burning sensation was noted in 35/250 times (14%) and no adverse effect on sexual function and no systemic side effects were observed. From the result of logistic regression analysis on clinical ef®cacy, the ED 50 of SScream was obtained as 0.10 g. SS-cream 0.20 g was effective in 84% without any serious systemic side effects. Conclusion: From the above results, our conclusions are that SS-cream is effective on the treatment of PE with a few local side effects and that clinical optimal dose of SS-cream is 0.20 g.
Background Epidemiology studies have reported associations between soy intake and the risk of endocrine-related gynaecological cancers. However, to date there have been no quantitative meta-analyses reported regarding this topic.
SII at diagnosis could estimate the cross-section severe AAV and predict the poor outcomes in AAV patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
BackgroundMany studies have assessed the volume-outcome relationship in cancer patients, but most focused on better outcomes in higher volume groups rather than identifying a specific threshold that could assist in clinical decision-making for achieving the best outcomes. The current study suggests an optimal volume for achieving good outcome, as an extension of previous studies on the volume-outcome relationship in stomach cancer patients.MethodsWe used National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) Sampling Cohort data during 2004–2013, comprising healthcare claims for 2550 patients with newly diagnosed stomach cancer. We conducted survival analyses adopting the Cox proportional hazard model to investigate the association of three threshold values for surgical volume of stomach cancer patients for cancer-specific mortality using the Youden index.ResultsOverall, 17.10% of patients died due to cancer during the study period. The risk of mortality among patients who received surgical treatment gradually decreased with increasing surgical volume at the hospital, while the risk of mortality increased again in “high” surgical volume hospitals, resulting in a j-shaped curve (mid-low = hazard ratio (HR) 0.773, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.608–0.983; mid-high = HR 0.541, 95% CI 0.372–0.788; high = HR 0.659, 95% CI 0.473–0.917; ref = low). These associations were especially significant in regions with unsubstantial surgical volumes and less severe cases.ConclusionThe optimal surgical volume threshold was about 727.3 surgical cases for stomach cancer per hospital over the 1-year study period in South Korea. However, such positive effects decreased after exceeding a certain volume of surgeries.
YKL-40, a chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) or human cartilage glycoprotein 39 (HC gp-39), is expressed and secreted by various cell-types including macrophages, chondrocytes, fibroblast-like synovial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Its biological function is not well elucidated, but it is speculated to have some connection with inflammatory reactions and autoimmune diseases. Although having important biological roles in autoimmunity, there were only attempts to elucidate relationships of YKL-40 with a single or couple of diseases in the literature. Therefore, in order to analyze the relationship between YKL-40 and the overall diseases, we reviewed 51 articles that discussed the association of YKL-40 with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Behçet disease and inflammatory bowel disease. Several studies showed that YKL-40 could be assumed as a marker for disease diagnosis, prognosis, disease activity and severity. It is also shown to be involved in response to disease treatment. However, other studies showed controversial results particularly in the case of Behçet disease activity. Therefore, further studies are needed to elucidate the exact role of YKL-40 in autoimmunity and to investigate its potential in therapeutics.
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