We investigated the effect of enteral glutamine on intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation after whole abdominal radiation in rats. Rats irradiated with 10 Gy to the abdomen were randomly divided into a glutamine-free diet group and a glutamine-rich diet (2% glutamine) group. After 3 days of feeding of each diet, the 6-h urinary recovery of polyethylene glycol 4000 was significantly decreased in the glutamine-rich diet group compared to that in the glutamine-free diet group. The 6-h urinary recovery of phenolsulfonphthalein was also decreased in the glutamine-rich diet group, but the difference was not significant. Plasma endotoxin concentration was significantly lower in the glutamine-rich diet group. Twenty-four hour after gavage with 14C-labeled Escherichia coli, the detection rate of 14C-labeled bacteria in the mesenteric lymph nodes of rats was significantly lower in the glutamine-rich diet group. The adherence of 14C-labeled E. coli in the jejunal mucosa was significantly lower in the glutamine-rich diet group than in the glutamine-free diet group, but there were no significant differences in the ileal mucosa. These findings suggest that in rats with intestinal injury induced by irradiation, enteral glutamine maintains the intestinal barrier and reduces bacterial translocation.
SummaryIn this study using everted sacs of rat jejunum, we investigated the difference in absorption of two types of soybean peptides (small peptide: SP, and large peptide: LP). We investigated the influence of peptide length on absorption and intact transport of hydrolyzed soybean peptides. The everted sacs were incubated for S or 10 min in bicarbonate-saline buffer containing a 1% (w/v) concentration of each soybean peptide. After the incubation, the amounts of free amino acids and peptides that were transported to the serosal fluids and the mucosa were measured with an automatic amino acid analyzer both before and after the hydrolysis of the serosal fluids and mucosa. The results indicated that SP was absorbed more rapidly than LP and that the more rapid absorption of SP was due to the greater intact transport of SP. When the everted sacs were made from jejunum that had been injured by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/kg), no significant differences were noted between the absorption of SP and that of LP. We also ascertained that an aminopeptidase inhibitor (bestatin) decreased the aminopeptidase activities of the rat jejunum. In the presence of 1 X 10_4 M bestatin in the incubation buffer, no significant differences were noted between the absorption of SP and that of LP. We conclude that SP is absorbed more rapidly than LP in normal rat jejunum due to greater intact transport.
To investigate the pancreatic exocrine function in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM), we evaluated the pure pancreatic juice obtained by endoscopic cannulation of the main pancreatic duct in 13 healthy control subjects and 22 patients with type 2 DM who had no evidence of pancreatic disease. Samples of pancreatic juices were collected in six fractions for 30 minutes at 5-minute intervals after an intravenous bolus injection of secretin (0.25 CU/kg) and cholecystokinin-8 (CCK) (40 ng/kg). The responses of plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide to intravenous administration of glucose (50%, 40 mL) were measured. The levels of plasma insulin and C-peptide levels in type 2 DM were the same as in healthy controls in the basal state but did not further increase in response to an intravenous glucose. This suggested that patients with type 2 DM had insulin secretion defect rather than insulin deficiency. Pancreatic secretions including volume, bicarbonate, and protein output in response to stimulation with secretin, and CCK were significantly reduced when compared to the healthy controls. We conclude that patients with type 2 DM exhibit impairment of pancreatic exocrine secretion and that this impairment might not be related to insulin deficiency. Therefore, we recommended that careful evaluation for exocrine pancreatic function in type 2 diabetics who have any clinically suspicious symptoms of pancreatic insufficiency.
SummaryThe effects of peptide chain length on the absorption of soybean hydrolysates by the rat small intestine were investigated by the perfusion. Two types of soybean hydrolysates, a small peptide (SP; average peptide chain length: 3.2) and a large peptide (LP; average peptide chain length: 5.2), were prepared for this experiment. KrebsRinger phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 0.5% (w/v) of either of the two types of soybean hydrolysates was perfused through a 15-cm length of rat jejunum for 70 min. After the perfusion, samples were collected; and the total amount of amino acid was then measured by an amino acid analyzer (Hitachi L-8500) after hydrolysis. The absorption rate of each amino acid was subsequently determined. The absorption rate for glycine, alanine, isoleucine, leucine histidine, arginine, phenylalanine, and proline in SP was significantly greater than that for those in LP. The total amino acid absorption of SP was significantly greater than that of LP. There were no significant differences in the net absorption of water in the buffer solutions of SP and LP. We thus concluded that SP is more greatly absorbed than LP in the intestinal perfusion model of the rat small intestine.
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