Background This study aimed to investigate the potential of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) as a non-pharmacological intervention to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in a specific population. Methods A quasi-experimental design was employed; involving 20 young adults aged 25-30 recruited from a fitness centre. The participants underwent an 8 weeks high-intensity exercise program consisting of 3 weekly sessions. Baseline measurements of body mass, height, BMI, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL levels were taken before the intervention. Post-intervention measurements were obtained at the end of the 8 weeks. Results The results demonstrated significant improvements in various parameters following the 8 weeks workout program. BMI decreased from 32.2±1.42 to 31.67±1.45, while cholesterol levels decreased from 221.37±9.3 to 201±9.64, indicating a reduction in total cholesterol. Triglyceride levels decreased from 181.5±10.98 to 170.1±11.93. LDL values decreased from 144.5±8.9 to 134.2±8.13, indicating a decrease in low-density lipoprotein. Additionally, HDL levels increased from 36.53±4.53 to 46±5.44, reflecting an increase in high-density lipoprotein levels. All these changes were statistically significant (p≤0.005). Conclusion The findings suggest that HIIT is an efficient and effective exercise for sedentary and inactive young males. The study supports using HIIT as a non-pharmacological approach to improve physical well-being, enhance fitness, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. HIIT provides a time- and cost-efficient alternative for individuals with limited exercise time who still desire optimal health and fitness outcomes. Keywords Cardiovascular Diseases, High-Intensity Interval Training, Sedentary Lifestyle, Young Adults.
Background: Neck Disability (ND) is a global health concern among bankers due to the prolonged computer usage demand of the job. Literature reported neck pain and fear of activity among bankers; however, evidence is scarce regarding the association between them. Therefore this survey aimed to evaluate the relationship between ND and Fear Avoidance Beliefs (FAB) among bankers. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on bankers of Karachi, Pakistan, using a convenience sampling technique. Volunteer bankers working for two or more years, and having neck pain for more than three months were enrolled in the study. ND was evaluated using Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire and FAB questionnaire to assess activity fear. Statistical analysis was undertaken using SPSS version 20. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the association between ND and FAB. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% CI. Results: A total of 100 bankers were included in the study. The Pearson correlation test shows a significant moderate and positive correlation between NDI and FAB among bankers (r=0.61). Conclusion: It was concluded that the bankers suffer from ND and fear of activity performance, and a significant moderate and positive association was found between ND and FAB. Hence, further experimental research related to neck posture, work-station ergonomics, and ND is needed so that the global issue can be resolved and bankers' work performance could be enhanced.
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