The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets containing rice distillers’ by‐product (RDP) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and gut microbiota of fattening pigs. Twenty‐four crossbred finishing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire), 56.9 ± 3.1 kg initial body weight, were randomly allocated to three groups. For 56 days, pigs were fed one of three diets including RDP0 (control), RDP15 (15% RDP in DM), and RDP30 (30% RDP in DM). With RDP level in diet, average daily gain and backfat thickness linearly increased (p < 0.05), and drip loss tended to increase (p ≤ 0.08). In addition, 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon profiling showed that RDP was associated with modulation of colonic microbiota composition, especially at family and genus levels. Relative abundance of Porphyromonadaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae families in colonic digesta increased with inclusion of RDP, while that of Enterobacteriaceae decreased. The proportion of genera unclassified Erysipelotrichaceae, and Butyrivibrio increased as inclusion of RDP. These results indicate that up to 30% inclusion in diet of finishing pigs, RDP can modulate colonic microbiota composition, and induces an improvement of animal growth and fat deposition.

Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death that plays a vital role in removing the redundant cells, damaged cells, or virally infected cells to help maintain homeostasis in tissues. There are three initiating pathways of apoptosis activation including the intrinsic via mitochondrial, extrinsic via death receptor, and perforin/granzyme pathway. Apoptosis is considered as a protective mechanism in the host but when this disordered program causes pathological outcomes. In SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis are associated with ORF3a and 7a proteins, respectively. Many studies showed that inappropriate apoptosis is involved in different pathogenicity and severity of COVID-19. Therefore, understanding apoptosis mechanism helps us to have new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of SARSCoV- 2 virus infection and be able to decrease the damage caused by excessive immune responses Key words: programmed cell death, apoptosis, caspase, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19.

Background: Osteoarthritis of the knee is one of the most common degenerative diseases causing disability in the elderly. Objectives: To survey on the process of knowledge transmission of practitioners, treatment methods and herb using in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Materials and methods: In-depth interview research and information collection were carried out on folk medicinal practitioners with more than 5 years of experience in knee osteoarthritis treatment using traditional medicine at clinics in Thua Thien Hue province. Results: Process of knowledge transmission of practitioners: 92% learned from books, 76% learned from teachers, 44% learned from family and 96% attended continuing training. Treatment methods: 100% prescription medicine, 60% massage, 32% herbal medicine, 32% acupuncture, 28% topical medicine, 16% implantation. Conclusion: folk medicinal practitioners self-studied through books, teachers, traditional medicinal families, as well as updated from continuous training classes. Treatment of knee osteoarthritis hadmany methods; instead of single treatment, a combination of methods was more often used Key words: Osteoarthritis, folk medicinal practitioners, dept-interview, traditional medicine

The eco-economic model is one of the economic development orientations associated with environmental protection, ensuring sustainable development for the territories. According to the eco-economic approach, the article has assessed the current status of developing eco-economic models in the Kon river basin, Binh Dinh province by the method of participatory rural appraisal and cost-benefit analysis based on three values: present value (PV), net present value (NPV), benefit-cost ratio (BCR). The results show the households have applied many different eco-economic models in agricultural and forestry production (18 types of models). Most of the models in the basin have components: fields, gardens, and barns. The model of rice field - garden - barn (Ru-V-C) accounted for the highest percentage (33.07%). The model of rice field - garden - pond - barn - forest (Ru-V-A-C-R) has the highest average annual profit of 237 million VND\year after discounting. Models with 3-4 components have created a link in the material-energy cycle in production, taking advantage of by-products, and protecting the environment. The evaluation results are the basis for proposing eco-economic models suitable to the potential and resources of the Kon river basin, Binh Dinh province.

Hepatitis B infection remains a global health problem, with progression to acute-chronic hepatitis, severe liver failure, and death making hepatitis B one of the most serious infections worldwide. The disease is most widely transmitted from an infected mother to her baby, after exposure to infected blood or body fluids or unsafe sexual contact. Pregnant women, adolescents, and all adults at high risk for chronic infection are recommended to be screened for hepatitis B. Serological tests allow the distinction between acute and chronic hepatitis. Meanwhile, the molecular tests performed provide detection and quantification of viral DNA, genotyping, drug resistance, and pre-core/core mutation analysis to confirm infection and follow monitoring disease progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Because, the current treatment is only based on nucleotide analogs and pegylated interferons that save lives by decreasing liver cancer death, liver transplant, slowing or reversing the progression of liver disease as well as the virus infectivity. In this review, we clearly light the role of Hepatitis B Core Antibody, therefore clinicians understand the need to screen for hepatitis B core antigen (Anti-HBc), proper interpretation of HBV biomarkers, and that “anti-HBc only” indicates HBV exposure, lifelong persistence of cccDNA with incomplete infection control, and potential risk for reactivation. Key words: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis B Core Antibody (Anti-HBc/HbcAb).

The human microbiota comprises of collective genomes of microbiota, namely protozoa, archaea, eukaryotes, viruses and bacteria that live mainly on and within various sites of the human body, with the highest concentrations being found in gastrointestinal tract. Microbiome plays an important role in host protection against invading pathogens, metabolism and immunity as well as maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Gut microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) may lead to dysfunction of host, thereby contributing to pathogenesis and/or progression of some pathologies. All of them, some of the most noticeable diseases are Clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease and obesity. New therapies derived from microbiome studied such as fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotic and prebiotics to target associated diseases have been shown how disease symptoms can be reformed, thus opening new scientific approaches to treatment in the future. Key words: gut microbiome, dysbiosis, Clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel, celiac disease, obesity.

Isocyanate is a common name for chemical compounds containing one or more -&nbsp;NCO groups. There have been many studies showing that isocyanates pose a risk to human&nbsp;health when exposed and can cause occupational poisoning. When absorbed into the body,&nbsp;the isocyanates will be converted into the corresponding amines. Therefore, the&nbsp;determination of these diamines in urine will contribute to the assessment of exposure to&nbsp;isocyanates. This article presents a study on simultaneous determination of 4,4&prime;-methylenedianiline (MDA), hexamethylene diamine (HDA), isophoron diamine (IPDA) in&nbsp;urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method&nbsp;detection limit (MDL) were 0.074, 0.059, and 0.053 ng/mL for HDA, MDA, IPDA,&nbsp;respectively. The method quantitation limit (MQL) were 0.243, 0.194 and 0.177 ng/mL for&nbsp;HDA, MDA, IPDA, respectively. The method's recovery ranged from 86.38 to 105.3%&nbsp;with the repeatability RSDr &lt; 6%. The method was successfully applied to simultaneously&nbsp;determine the content of HDA, MDA and IPDA in 30 urine samples of workers at auto&nbsp;repair garages in Bac Ninh province. The results showed that HDA, MDA and IPDA were&nbsp;detected in these samples with different concentrations.

The research purpose of the article is to evaluate the effects of the internal control components on the effectiveness of internal control of transport construction enterprises in Vietnam, on the basis of which we made recommendations to contribute to improving the effectiveness of internal control. Sample was collected from Vietnamese medium and large transport construction enterprises, the total number of sample questionnaires sent was 400, 330 filled-up questionnaires was collected and 250 was used for the study purpose. Quantitative research method was used for the study with the help of the SPSS software. The variables in the model are as follows: the dependent variable is the effectiveness of internal control, 5 independent variables are: control environment, risk assessment, control activities, communication, and monitoring. The results of the analysis explain 80.4% variation as a result of the effect of internal control on the Vietnamese transport construction enterprise. All five components positively affect the effectiveness of internal controls in the order of influence, which are: control activities, control environment, communication, risk assessment and monitoring. This study contributes in providing more empirical evidence about the effects of internal control components on the effectiveness of internal control of transport construction enterprises in Vietnam. The study has proposed a number of recommendations to help transport construction enterprises improve control activities and contribute towards improving the effectiveness of internal control.