The objective of this study is to propose models of livelihoods symbiosis between freshwater aquaculture operations and vegetable farming. This model functioned as the way to reuse water and nutrients discharged from aquaculture activities, which caters for vegetable farming. The efficiency of the model is to minimize a large amount of solid waste disregarded directly to the receiving source, which was 315.098 kg. The quality of wastewater had been improved after releasing to the source. Total amount of carbon (TOC), nitrogen and phosphorus was 7.56%, 8.27% and 0.64% respectively, all of which meet the standard index of waste disragrded directly into the environment. In addition, the model also brings the additional income for households with 24.9 million VN dong after every fish breeding in comparison with traditional farming model.
The purpose of this study is to reuse shrimp pond bottom sludge for industrial-scale organic fertilizer production, to reduce emissions from shrimp farming, and protect the environment. Sludge from the bottom of shrimp ponds is collected through channel settling with a filter net of 0.25 millimeters in size, rainwater is used to wash the salt content in the sludge of shrimp ponds. When the EC (Electrical Conductivity) of the sludge drops below 4 mS / cm, the sludge is mixed with dry straw at the rate of 1 ton of sludge with 250 kg of straw. The products of this rice straw and sludge mixing process are bio-fermented in two phases including anaerobic phase and aerobic phase. The results showed that the sludge-based fertilizers meet national technical regulation QCVN 01- 189: 2019/BNNPTNT. Of quality parameters, total organic carbon, macronutrients (N, P2O5, K2O), trace metals (Zn, Cu), and other heavy metals (Pb, Cd) are within the regulation limits. The paper also shows the potential of reusing shrimp pond bottom sludge for industrial-scale organic fertilizer production, with the possibility of utilizing nutrients contained in the sludge supplied to crops, especially reducing environmental pollution from intensive shrimp farming.
The research has proposed the model of integrated farming production towards zero - emissions based on the foundation of rice farming cultivation. The model of application of ecological solutions, the turnaround, and self-contained energy flow solutions with taking advantage of the existing ecological and environmental conditions of the locality help to maintain livelihoods for the people. Model of a typical application for the household cluster in Dinh Thanh, Thoai Son, An Giang province. The result shows that a straw volume used for the planting of straw mushrooms brings new sources of income to increase the 7.000.000 VND mushroom crop in 40 days, in addition, the rotting medium for growing straw mushrooms, which can be used the flowers to bring effectively revenues in the idle time. At the same time, 2m3/day of livestock and wastewater is processed and reused for agriculture, 39.065,31 tons/year collected in the form of biological gases serving cooking and the amount of straw 6-7 tons of straw/ha is reused by producing Biochar for agriculture, improve the land, improve the efficiency of fertilizer use for households to ensure the requirements of environmental protection, reduce the dependence of existing livelihoods on external factors such as prices, food, human,…. After using Biochar combined with manure for rice fields, helping people reduce 50% of the cost of using chemical fertilizers/ha, equivalent to 5,000,000 VND/ha. This can be seen as the best-integrated model for households whóe the main inheritance is rice cultivation combining livestock, the ability to apply long-term and can easily develop on a wide area, as well as increasing the likelihood of linking for many households to create mutual support in the case of a residential cluster with other livelihood activities besides rice cultivation.
This study is to design an integrated eco-agricultural system for waste treatment in the acidic soil areas in the Mekong Delta. The system is based on recycling all of the materials (from the inputs, outputs, and wastes) under conditions of acidic soil towards zero emissions and maintaining sustainability for farmers' livelihood. The system is demonstrated at Vo Van Tham's farm in Thanh An Commune, Thanh Hoa District, Long An Province. The cost investment is 80,000,000 VND, and the cost is 60,000,000 VND for operating per year. The results show that the proposed system has benefits for the environment, for example wastewater is collected and treated at is178 m3/day, reduce the emission of 756 tons CO2t/year. 50% the amount of pig manure (about 3 tons/day) is separated from pig shed discharges entering the biogas system. It also helps to increase household income (the expected income is about 160,000,000 VND/year, and the payback period is less than 1 year). In addition, solutions are used for alleviating soil acidity level, increase soil pH, and reducing aluminum toxicity in the area. This can help utilize difficult conditions of the acidic soil. Therefore, the proposed system can be applied widely for surrounding areas with similar livelihood activities, and natural conditions.
Aquaculture - belonging to the Fisheries group - is one of the high-value economic sectors, accounting for a large part in the structure of the agriculture, forestry and fishery industry in Vietnam. However, the sustainability of this industry is facing many challenges due to climate change process; An Giang is a province that has long had a strong position in aquaculture in Vietnam and is not out of that influence. Therefore, there is an urgent need to assess climate change vulnerability of aquaculture in An Giang based on the predicted changes in temperature and rainfall of the region according to the change scenarios. climate. Unlike previous studies conducted mainly on a national scale, this paper is mainly concerned with Pangasius (Pangasius is one of the aquatic species with high commercial value, with significant contribution). including livelihoods of people in An Giang province) - species raised in the main production areas of An Giang and assess their vulnerability for each area, using an index-based method and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Definition of Vulnerability to overcome constraints in developing specific adaptation strategies at regional scale. First, for each exposure, sensitivity and adaptability, specific and appropriate indicators are chosen. These indicators are then estimated and weighted to analyze vulnerability to climate change. The results show that the level of vulnerability due to climate change to the pangasius farming industry in An Giang province is at a moderate level, of which Chau Phu district is highly vulnerable because the district has the main livelihood of Pangasius farming.
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