In this work, a test room was built in Baghdad city, with selective dimensions, while the solar chimneys (SC) where designed with aspect ratio (ar) bigger than 12 and setup to the oriented wall to the south. Collector of SC consist of paraffin wax as a phase change material (PCM) and supported by copper foam matrix (CFM), to enhance the combined of thermal energy storage material box (TESMB). Double transparent acrylic sheets covered the collector from outside. TESB supported by array of evacuated tubular collector with thermosyphon to sincere heat storage in the TESB. Results of experimental work that achieved in 25 January and 26 February refer to effectiveness using TESM in closed loop SC in day time and its effect cover the night time also. The heating system of test room is arrived to the biggest room temperature after sun set, at that moment the difference between indoor and outdoor approximately 15 o C, and room temperature value still bigger after five hours from sun-set with a different in temperature by approximately 8 o C. Numerical solution done by employing CFD with solution the PDE's that present continuity, momentum, energy equations, by using the FVM with algebraic forms of turbulent viscosity and diffusion coefficient and employing turbulent standard model. The comparison between numerical and experimental results indicated that the heat transfer inside test room is dominate by condition, also results shows acceptable convergence in velocity and temperature profile, while the experimental results for air flow inside SC gap appears the turbulent behavior in most duration time. Keyword: solar chimney (SC), phase change material (PCM), foam matrix(FM).. INTRODUCTIONonventional heating room or building, by solar was used the direct glazed flat plate collector, or by use the trombe wall. To enhancement the heat control and to keep the room temperature in stable value, beside storage the heat and release it after sun-set, so many mechanisms was used to storage the heat and make self-control temperature. So that don by used (TSM). Burek and Habeb [1] studied experimentally the heat and mass flow in thermosyphoning air heaters, such as solar chimneys and Trombe-Walls. The test rig comprised a vertical open-ended channel with closed sides. Results showed that the mass flow rate through the channel was a function of both heat input and depth of the channel, while the thermal efficiency of the system was represent the function of heat input only. Wei et.al [2] proposed a theoretical model used PCM for energy storage in a lightweight passive solar room. The analytical results showed that the optimal phase change temperature depends on the average C
A paraffin wax and copper foam matrix were used as a thermal energy storage material in the double passes air solar chimney (SC) collector to get ventilation effect through daytime and after sunset. Air SC collector was installed in the south wall of an insulated test room and tested with different working angles (30o, 45o and 60o). Different SC types were used; single pass, double passes flat plate collector and double pass thermal energy storage box collector (TESB). A computational model based on the finite volume method for transient tw dimensional domains was carried out to describe the heat transfer and storage in the thermal energy storage material of collector. Also, equivalent specific heat method was employed to describe the heat storage and release in the mushy zone. Experimental results referred to an increase in thermal conductivity of paraffin wax that supported by copper foam matrix more than ten times. While the ventilation effect was still active for hours after the sun set, depending on the heat storage amount. Maximum ventilation mass flow rate with TESB collector was recorded with value equals to 36.651 kg/hr., when the overall discharge coefficient that was calculated for the system equals to 0.371. Experimental results showed that the best working angle range was 45~60o, and the highest air to the collector approaching temperature appeared to the double passes flat plate collector. Results gave greater heat storage efficiency of (47)% when the maximum solar radiation was 780 W/m2 at 12.00pm, while the energy summation through duration charge time was 18460 kJ. Computational results, depending on the equivalent heat capacity method for heat storage or release from phase change material that supported by copper foam matrix, showed the behavior of paraffin wax melting and solidification situation through periodic for charge and released heat from the solar collector. Also, these results gave agreement approaching the experimental results for the heat storage in the combined heat storage material, with standard error of 16.8%.
In this study, a different design of passive air Solar Chimney(SC)was tested by installing it in the south wall of insulated test room in Baghdad city. The SC was designed from vertical and inclined parts connected serially together, the vertical SC (first part) has a single pass and Thermal Energy Storage Box Collector (TESB (refined paraffin wax as Phase Change Material(PCM)-Copper Foam Matrix(CFM))), while the inclined SC was designed in single pass, double passes and double pass with TESB (semi refined paraffin wax with copper foam matrix) with selective working angle ((30o, 45o and 60o). A computational model was employed and solved by Finite Volume Method (FVM) to simulate the air induced through the test room by SC effect. The governing equation of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model was developed by the effective heat capacity method equation to describe the heat storage and release from PCM-CFM. Practical and computational Results referred to increase in thermal conductivity of the paraffin wax that supported by CFM than 10 times, while the ventilation effect is still active for hours after sun set amount. The maximum ventilation mass flow rate with TESB collector was 36.651 kg/hr., when the overall discharge coefficient equals 0.371. Also, the experimental results referred to the best working angle range 45~60o, while the highest approaching temperature (between air and collector) was appeared for the double passes flat plate collector. Results gave higher heat storage efficiency 47% when the maximum solar radiation 780 W/m2 at 12.00 pm, and the energy summation through duration of charging time was 18460 kJ. Double passes SC at 60o angle presented the highest efficiency with value approaching to 73%, while TESB collector efficiency depicted highest efficiency value 70% at 12:00 pm.
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