Urolithiasis is a common disease with increasing incidence and prevalence world-wide, probably more common in industrialized countries. The metabolic evaluation of 24-h urine collection has been considered as part of the management of urinary stone patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 24-h urine constituents in stone formers and its relation to demographic data in the northeast part of Peninsular Malaysia. One hundred and six patients were recruited in this study from two hospitals in the same geographical region; 96 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and an informed consent was obtained from all subjects. The 24-h urine was collected in sterile bottles with a preservative agent and calcium, oxalate, citrate, uric acid, magnesium and phosphate were tested using commercial kits on a Roche Hitachi 912 chemistry analyzer. The age (mean ± SD) of 96 patients was 56.45 ± 13.43 years and 82.3% of the patients were male while 17.7% were female. The 24-h urine abnormalities were hypercalciuria (14.5%), hyperoxaluria (61.4%), hypocitraturia (57.2%), hyperuricouria (19.7%), hypomagnesuria (59.3%) and hyperphosphaturia (12.5%). Hyperoxaluria (61.4%) was the most common abnormality detected during the analysis of 24-h urine constituents in contradiction to industrial countries, where hypercalciuria was the most common finding. The high frequencies of hypomagnesuria and hypocitraturia reflect the important role of magnesium and citrate in stone formation and their prophylactic role in the treatment of urinary stone disease in the given population.

Objective of the study: To analyze clinical presentation, etiology and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria causing Community Acquired Urinary Tract Infection (CA-UTI) among our patients to provide data that could guide empiric treatment. Material and Methods:Outpatients urine cultures and clinical presentations were collected from April 2012 to October 2012. A positive urine culture was defined as growth of a single bacterium with colony count of more than 100,000 CFU/ml and disk diffusion technique according to Clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) was performed to determine antibiotics susceptibility of isolated bacteria species. Clinical symptoms, causative uropathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity were recorded. Results:Of 299 urine cultures processed, a positive urine culture was detected in 100 subjects. Dysuria and bladder irritability (frequency and urgency) were the most common clinical presentation, but were no specific in predicted CA-UTI. Escherichia coli (39%) and Staphylococcus strains (30%) were the most organisms causing CA-UTI s. The isolated organisms showed a substantial sensitivity reduction to most of test antibiotics. Conclusion:Clinical presentation had a minor in diagnosis of CA-UTI and this study revealed that E.coli and Staphylococcus strains were the most prevalent isolated uropathogens among our population. Susceptibility test showed there was a high sensitivity to nitrofurantoin, amikacin and imipenem with reduction sensitivity to other commonly used antibiotics brings a concern for future studies to guidance empirical treatment.