Adsorption of zinc (Zn 2+ ), cadmium (Cd 2+ ), and nickel (Ni 2+ ) from aqueous solutions by corncob (CC) and granular activated carbon prepared from corncob (GACC) were carried out. Synthetic solutions of Cd 2+ , Ni 2+ , and Zn 2+ at 3.0 mg/L each were used to perform the adsorption process. A batch pattern was used to determine the removal efficiency of CC and GACC such as dose of adsorbents, contact time, and initial concentration of heavy metals, as well as kinetics studies and the adsorption isotherm parameters. The obtained results using either both the of CC and GACC separately were found to be matched with second-order model and the Langmuir isotherm model. Furthermore, the breakthrough study was conducted using CC, and GACC. The overall results in breakthrough curve indicated that adsorption of Cd 2+ > Ni 2+> Zn 2+ , and Ni 2+ > Zn 2+ > Cd 2+ on CC and GACC respectively. As demonstrated by R 2 and kinetic constant (k) values.
This study’s goal was to learn more about how agrowaste plants tolerate, absorb, and accumulate a number of metals that are of relevance to the environment. Adsorption of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) ions from synthetic aqueous solutions and wastewater using natural waste residues (NWRs) such as moringa, Lupinus, sugarcane straw, and tea residue was evaluated. The adsorbents used for this study were prepared by washing, drying, and grinding. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis were used to characterize the adsorbents’ waste residues. The effect of different parameters such as pH, dose of adsorbents, and the initial concentration of heavy metals, as well as the adsorption isotherm parameters were studied. Moringa, Lupinus, sugarcane straw, or tea residue results were found to fit the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The adsorption capacity reached 14.59, 16.10, 12.73, and 15.01 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption study’s overall results indicated the removal efficiency pattern as moringa > tea > Lupinus > sugarcane straw. At a dose of 0.5 g/L, the maximum removal percentages for lead, chromium, selenium, copper, and zinc ions were 90.2, 76.55, 70.55, 76.6, and 78.9, respectively. The materials might be regarded as efficient adsorbents for extracting the ions Pb, Cr, Se, Cu, and Zn from wastewater, according to the research.
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Daylighting is recognised as an effective strategy for enhancing visual comfort and reducing energy used for electric lighting. Najran University, Saudi Arabia, has 15 colleges for males and 10 colleges for females. Each college has several atria and courtyards for introducing daylighting into the hearts of college buildings. However, the electrical lights used in the colleges atria and linked corridors keep on all the daytime. This study is an attempt to investigate the daylight illuminance level and energy-saving potential on the atria and linked corridors when it incorporates a time-scheduling lighting control system. The field measurements were performed in the College of Applied Medical Sciences. The results indicate that daylight illuminance in the atrium spaces are abundant with an average illumination level on the atrium floor varying from 300 lux to 3 600 lux, depending on the time of the day. In the clear sky climate of Najran city throughout the year, the time-scheduling control system is effective and found to contribute to approximately 43 855.2 kWh of annual energy savings in electrical-lighting consumption in the present case study scenario. The total annual energy savings from all 25 colleges at Najran University is 1 096 380 kWh/year, which results in a cost saving of approximately 93,512.86 USD. There would be additional substantial savings from other atria and courtyards in all of the college buildings throughout the campus
Throughout the industrial activities, water consumption is increased, resulting in large amounts of wastewater that must be treated before being discharged into the water streams. Coagulation/flocculation and sedimentation processes are considered as one of the most used chemical treatment methods for removing the majority of water contaminants. Cationic dye of methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye of methyl orange (MO) are common hazardous organic wastewater contaminants that mostly degraded by different chemical coagulants processes. Chemical coagulants act as an auxiliary agent in the coagulation/flocculation-sedimentation process. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of combined chemical coagulants of FeCl3/lime in the degradation of cationic and anionic dyes. In this work, kinetics, effect of adsorption parameters such as pH, initial concentration of dyes and the chemicals coagulants doses was studied. At an optimum coagulant dosage of (200/70) mg/L and (70/100) mg/L, and optimum pH ranged from (6.0 -8.0) for MO and MB, repectively . The achieved removal values for both anionic and cationic dyes using the combined coagulant (FeCl3/lime) were 97.78% and 95.54% for MO and MB, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of FeCl3/ lime was calculated from the isotherm at 500 mg/g. This technique was successfully conducted for the treatment of tannery and laundry wastewaters for improving the quality of pollution parameters and investigating the efficiency of the applied treatment technique. The achieved removal efficiencies for tannery and laundary wastewater ranged from 93.9 to 94.4 % for COD, 92.9 to 92.5% for BOD5 , 93.7 to 92.8% for TSS, and 96.7 to 99.2% for turbidity, respectively.
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