Purpose: Various treatment modalities have been stated to avoid faulty healing of the mandibular angle fracture and the subsequent functional and esthetic disasters. In this study, we aimed to design a new patient-specific titanium plate to overcome Champy's acknowledged drawbacks and avoid splaying of the inferior border of the mandible. Patients and methods: This study included eight patients suffering from a displaced unilateral mandibular angle fracture with a mean age of 37 years. They all needed open reduction and internal fixation. Preoperative evaluation included the clinical examination through inspection of malocclusion and measurement of maximum inter-incisal mouth opening, along with the radiographic assessment through the screening panoramic view and the 3-D CT examination to determine the amount of displacement between the fractured segments. Computer mirroring of the intact side was done to virtually reduce the fractured side to design a patient-specific plate. This plate aimed to fit on the superior ventral surface of the external oblique ridge, namely; Champ's osteosynthesis line. Downward extended lingual shelf and two buccal arms were added in the plate, to only immobilize the mandible lingually along with fixing both fractured segments buccaly with screws, while fixing the segments superiorly at Champy's line with the standard plate shaft. The titanium PS-plate was processed and fixed in place using 2.0 screws through the standard intra-oral approach after Maxillo-mandibular fixation using ivy-loops. Immediate postoperative mandibular function was allowed. Postoperative clinical assessment of the occlusion and the Maximum inter-incisal opening (MIO) was performed at one week, 1 month and 3 months. Postoperative radiographic CT assessment was performed through measuring the linear inter-fragmentary gap between the fractured segments at the inferior mandibular border. Results: The surgeries in all cases were uneventful. Surgical site was normal with no signs of infection or dehiscence except in only one case, which showed primary intra-oral plate exposure. The preoperative parasthesia recorded in three patients was improved postoperatively, however without its complete disappearance. MIO was significantly improved over the follow-up period to reach a mean of 40.3 mm after 3 months. Radiographic examination, over the follow-up period,

Purpose: Mid-face injuries are usually accompanied with loss of integrity of the orbital skeleton along with the subsequent affection of the visual apparatus. This study aimed to highlight the incidence of different eye injuries associated with mid-facial fractures and to accentuate the need of the maxillofacial surgeon to comprehend and approach the post-traumatic ophthalmic consequences. Patients and methods: A total of twenty five patients suffering from mid-facial fractures and orbital involvement were included in this study from the departments of oral and maxillofacial surgery, faculties of Dentistry, Cairo University and MSA University. They were 22 males and 3 females with a mean age of 37 years. All the patients were subjected to immediate clinical and radiographic examination to evaluate the extent of the injury and its implications. An ophthalmologist was asked to further assess the eye apparatus to determine the exact ophthalmic complications. The collected clinical, radiographic and ophthalmic findings were recorded and analyzed. Results: A dominating etiology of Road Traffic Accidents was found (64%) with a significant male predominance (88%). Mid-face trauma in the form of ZMC fracture was acquainted as the most common reason for ophthalmic problems (36%) followed by the direct orbital blow-out fractures (20%). A wide range of ophthalmic complications were recorded. Sub-conjunctival hemorrhage (92%) was the most common to occur followed by peri-orbital edema (84%) and lid ecchymosis and laceration (76%). A clinical complaint from sensory infra-orbital nerve paresthesia was documented (72%). Diplopia (48%) and Enophthalmus (24%) were encountered as the most severe types of complications with other non-significant occurrence of reduced vision (8%), retinal detachment (4%), corneal problems (8%) and traumatic hyphema (8%). Conclusion: We concluded that it is a must to extend the maxillofacial surgeon's knowledge to include post-traumatic ocular injuries and their ophthalmic complications to complement an optimal patients' treatment outcome and to prevent disastrous ophthalmic repercussions following mid-face injuries.

The latest advances in the field of microrobotics assisted medical experts in the treatment of some of human diseases especially intravascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In this research, a phantom for the atherosclerotic plaque material is fabricated using Gelatine and Nano Hydroxyapatite in a catheter tube to mimic the condition in the human body in vitro. For plaque penetration a helical microrobot is designed to achieve the optimum plaque clearing efficiency. The robot is a remotely controlled micro helical magnetic based metallic robot which is inserted in the catheter to penetrate the phantom by rotational motion along its axis. The motion of the robot during mechanical grinding of the plaque phantom is simulated using MATLAB where the distance of the robot’s journey inside the plaque phantom is plotted against the time consumed by the robot.

Purpose: The fundamental position of the chin contributes to the aesthetic perception of the face and the subsequent esthetic disharmony when deficient or retruded. In this study, we aimed to verify differences in plate design used in fixation of chin after Genioplasty with relation to postoperative tissue relapse.Patients and methods: Sixteen patients suffering from a retruded chin affecting the facial esthetics which needed advancement Genioplasty were included in this study. They were selected from the outpatient clinic of the departments of oral and maxillofacial surgery and Orthodontics, faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, with a mean age of 28 years. Facial analysis was performed through clinical intra and extra-oral photographs. Preoperative data from CT scans were documented. Digital planning was done to fabricate a cutting template and a positioning chin template. The patients were then divided into two groups; eight patients each. In Group A patients, custom digital plates designed on the computer software and processed from CAD data from titanium were used to fix the chin after Genioplasty. In group B patients, conventional titanium T-shaped plate was adapted and used in fixation of the chin. Postoperative patient satisfaction and any postoperative complications were recorded. Clinical evaluation including fragment mobility and/or parasthesia was documented on one week, one month, 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. CT scan was performed immediately postoperative and on 6 months to assess fixation and/or tissue relapse through measuring the linear Antero-posterior measurements and the transverse measurements.Results: All the patients were clinically satisfied and content about the new chin position and facial contour. All the surgeries went uneventful with no hardware exposure. Numbness of the lower lip was reported in all patients, which faded with time and reported full recovery later on. Radiographic CT scan measurements revealed the accurate postoperative measurements compared to the preoperative plan. The mean linear Pog-orbit-mental measurements showed net overall significant increase, however, with a statistical significant decrease from one period to another in each groups. In both groups, there were no statistical significant changes in mean Pog-Right mental plane and Pog-left mental plane transverse measurements. Statistical correlation between results of both groups showed no significant differences over the study period. Conclusion:This study recommended the use of digital planning of Genioplasty and template fabrication due to the documented exact pre-to-postoperative chin alignment. The specific custom plate design and processing proved to be an insignificant hassle which can be spared by using the conventional plate for fixation after Genioplasty.

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