Phytoplankton succession in relation to some physicochemical characters of some water bodies at Jeddah Coast (Saudi Arabia) was studied for one year (2004). The sampling program included four different areas, North Obhour, Technology area, Down Town area and South Jeddah Area. Water samples were analyzed for some physico-chemical parameters (Temperature, pH, S‰, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Calcium (Ca +2) & Magnesium (Mg +2), Nitrite (NO 2), Nitrate (NO 3), Ammonia (NH 3), Reactive Orthophosphate (PO 4) and Reactive Silicate (SiO 3) as well as phycological parameters (Phytoplankton communities and Chlorophyll a). The Jeddah Coast was found to be oligotrophic ecosystem in some areas, while some of these areas were mesotrophic with high phytoplankton density such as the Down Town and South Jeddah areas. The results showed that, the high phytoplankton density attaining the maximum of 2623.2 X 10 3 /m 3 at Down Town area during spring and the minimum of 118.7 X 10 3 /m 3 at Technology area during winter. Seventy three species belonging to 73 genera and 5 groups were recorded. Dinophyceae was the first dominant group forming 43.8% of the total phytoplankton communities followed by Bacillariophyceae 27.9%. Ceratium sp, Amphora ovalis, Pleurosigma salinatum, Trichodesmium sp and Synochoccus sp were tolerant species and considered as eutrophic indicators.

IntroductionThe trace element selenium is an essential micronutrient for the health of humans, animals, and microbesMany researchers have recently become interested in selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) because of their biocompatibility, bioavailability, and low toxicity. Consequently, selenium nanoparticles are widely used in various biomedical applications and wastewater bioremediation due to their greater bioactivity. Green biosynthesis of nanoparticles is common and preferable nowadays.MethodsIn this work, the selenium nanoparticles were synthesized using the brown seaweed Polycladia myrica aqueous extract and characterized using seven parameters, SEM, TEM, UV spectra, Zeta potential, EDX, X-ray differaction and FTIR, then examined for their cytotoxicity using PC-3 cells and normal mammalian cells from the African green monkey kidney (Vero) were used to test the effectiveness of the produced Polycladia myrica mediated selenium nanoparticles as an anticancer agent and antiviral activity against HAV HM175 (Hepatitis A), HSV-2 (Herpes simplex II), and Adenovirus strain 2.ResultsThe phycosynthesized nanoparticles exhibit antiviral activity (40.25 ± 2.61, 8.64 ± 0.82, and 17.39 ± 1.45%) against HAV-10, Adenovirus, and HSV-2, respectively. The IC50 values of the two cell types human prostate PC-3 and Vero were 123.51 ± 4.07 g/mL and 220.53 ± 6.89 g/ mL, respectively. The maximum inhibitory percent was 86.15 ± 2.31 against PC-3 cells. At the same time, at a concentration of 125 g/mL.DisscusionThis work showed that PoSeNPS have good antiviral activity against HAV-10 virus with an antiviral percent of 40.25%, despite weak antiviral activity against Adenovirus and HSV-2 with antiviral percent (8.64% and 17.39%), respectively. The cytotoxicity effect of these nanoparticles was determined against PC-3 with a maximum inhibitory percent of 80.53%. These nanoparticles have no hazardous effect against normal Vero cells as the viability percent was (78.39% and 49.23%) for Vero cells and PC-3 cells, respectively, at 125 μg/mL.

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This review proposes a new bioremediation method based on the diverse functionalities of algae. A greenway for cleansing wastewater is more ecologically friendly and environmentally sustainable than prior methods with other bacteria. New bioremediation technology employing algae and cyanobacteria for the removal of a wide range of organic contaminants is reasonable and has great potential. The prevalence of organic contaminants in aquatic habitats may endanger the health and well-being of several marine creatures. Agriculture, industry, and household trash are just a few of the human-caused sources of organic pollutants that contaminate waterways around the world. Before wastewater can be released into waterways, it must be cleaned. Algae-based wastewater treatment systems are becoming increasingly popular because of their environmental sustainability and lack of secondary pollutants. According to the kind of pollutant, the physicochemical properties of wastewater, and the algal species, algae and cyanobacteria can absorb and accumulate a wide spectrum of organic pollutants at different rates. In addition, phytoremediation is a cost-effective alternative to conventional treatments for degrading organic contaminants. Phycoremediationally produced algal biomass may also be an important part of the bioenergy value chain. This article focuses on microalgae and cyanobacteria species, which may remove many organic contaminants from water systems.