BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a global pandemic, Platelets have crucial role in accelerated atherosclerosis and thrombosis which characterize DM.AimThe aim of the study was to detect the effect of two major oral hypoglycemic drugs (Metformin and Glimepiride) on platelet count and indices MPV (Mean platelet volume), PLCR (platelet large cell ratio), PDW (platelet distribution width). Beside, to study the effects of variation in Age, sex, duration of the drug, dose of drug, HbA1C level and associated complications.Material and methods96 diabetic patients have been included in this study in addition 50 apparently healthy non-diabetic matching for age and sex subjects have been tested as control group.EDTA anti-coagulated venous blood samples has been taken from each , platelet count and indices were measured using automatic blood counter (Sysmex KX-21N) and HbA1C was Measured using Ichroma II . Statistics was performed by SPSS (version 22). ResultsThe results showed that both types of treatment have reduced platelets indices but the reduction in Glimepiride was insignificant except in PDW when compared with control. Also both have no effect on platelet count. Both treatments have insignificant variation on measured parameters when considering age, gender, dose and treatment duration though significant variation in Glimepiride study population was detected due to associated complications and HbA1C level.ConclusionIt is concluded that both types of drugs reduce platelet indices which have a good prognostic effect on the Pro-thrombotic state and accelerated atherosclerosis which is associated with type 2 Diabetic patients. Metformin have better effect on platelet indices than Glimepiride. Further case control trails are required.
Background A good environmental health conditions is a challenge worldwide. However, Majority of Laboratory wastes extremely dangerous to the environment, animals, and human because of increasing numbers of laboratories and health facilities especially on big cities in Africa like Khartoum state Capital of Sudan. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on a group included 36 laboratories in Khartoum state from February to march 2021. Approvals have taken from each laboratory and participants voluntary informed consent and the data were collected using administered questionnaire and the data were analyzed by SPSS . Result Majority of the laboratories have sharp and needles waste , biological waste of human samples mainly (urine, stool, blood) and regular waste. Followed by chemical waste, culture media respectively, and radioactive waste which is the least frequent waste in Khartoum medical laboratories. More than two thirds of laboratory personal did not get training in waste management. greater portion of laboratories have specialized company approved by authorities to collect the medical waste and treat it. similar percentage of laboratories have dustman for this job and in few laboratories the collection and treatment of the waste done by laboratory staff. Majority of laboratories staff are separating the medical sharps from other types of wastes in safety boxes and get rid of it by specialized company in medical waste. Few laboratories throw the safety box in landfill and reuse the safety box again and others burring or burning it. Majority of laboratory staff they don’t know how to manage chemical waste. Conclusion Laboratories wastes are harmful to the environment, human, and animals. laboratories staff have inadequate training in waste management and disposable .there is no unique protocol for waste management and disposal followed by laboratories in Khartoum state so jeopardize laboratorian and community .
Background A good environmental health conditions is a challenge worldwide. However, Majority of Laboratory wastes extremely dangerous to the environment, animals, and human because of increasing numbers of laboratories and health facilities especially on big cities in Africa like Khartoum state Capital of Sudan.Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on a group included 34 laboratories in Khartoum state from February to march 2021. Approvals have taken from each laboratory and participants voluntary informed consent and the data were collected using administered questionnaire and the data were analyzed by SPSS .Result Majority of the laboratories have sharp and needles waste , biological waste of human samples mainly (urine, stool, blood) and regular waste. Followed by chemical waste, culture media respectively, and radioactive waste which is the least frequent waste in Khartoum medical laboratories.More than two thirds of laboratory personal did not get training in waste management. greater portion of laboratories have specialized company approved by authorities to collect the medical waste and treat it. similar percentage of laboratories have dustman for this job and in few laboratories the collection and treatment of the waste done by laboratory staff.Majority of laboratories staff are separating the medical sharps from other types of wastes in safety boxes and get rid of it by specialized company in medical waste. Few laboratories throw the safety box in landfill and reuse the safety box again and others burring or burning it. Majority of laboratory staff they don’t know how to manage chemical waste. Conclusion Laboratories wastes are harmful to the environment, human, and animals. laboratories staff have inadequate training in waste management and disposable .there is no unique protocol for waste management and disposal followed by laboratories in Khartoum state so jeopardize laboratorian and community .
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global pandemic, Platelets have crucial role in accelerated atherosclerosis and thrombosis which characterize DM. Aim The aim of the study was to detect the effect of two major oral hypoglycemic drugs (Metformin and Glimepiride) on platelet count and indices{ MPV (Mean platelet volume), PLCR (platelet large cell ratio),PDW (platelet distribution width)}.Beside, to studythe effects of variation induration of the drug, dose of drug, HbA1C level and associated complications. Material and methods A case control study was performed 146subjects 50 were using metformin, 46 were using Glimepiride in addition to 50 apparently healthy non-diabetic matching for age and sex subjects have been tested as control group. EDTA anti-coagulated venous blood samples has been taken from eachsubject , platelet count and indices were measured using automatic blood counter (Sysmex KX-21N) and HbA1C was Measured using Ichroma II . Statistics was performed by SPSS (version 22). Results The results showed that both types of treatment (Metformin, Glimepiride)have reduced the platelets indices but the reduction in Glimepiride was insignificant except in PDW when comparedwith controls. Also both treatments have no effect on platelet count and there was insignificant variation between different doses of metformin and Glimepiride.Glimepiride diabetic patients from 15 to 20 yearshave increased platelet count in contrast to patients whom used glimepiride for less than 15 years.there was increased platelet count and decreased platelet indices in patients with foot ulcers whom using glimepiride than patients without complications. Also increased platelet indices in patients with HbA1C level less than 6% in contrast to those with HbA1C more than 7%. Conclusion It is concluded that both types of drugsreduce platelet indices. Glimepiride have a good prognostic effect on the Pro-thrombotic state and accelerated atherosclerosis which is associated with type 2 study population because the platelet indices were insignificant compared withcontrols. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Metformin, Glimepiride, platelet count and indices
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